坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆摩托车司机使用头盔短信提醒的影响：随机对照试验
Impact of SMS Text Messaging Reminders on Helmet Use Among Motorcycle Drivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Randomized Controlled Trial.
机构信息
School of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
出版信息
J Med Internet Res. 2022 Apr 7;24(4):e27387. doi: 10.2196/27387.
BACKGROUND
Road traffic injury is a pressing public health issue in Tanzania. Increasing helmet use among motorcycle drivers can help reduce the burden due to road traffic injuries in the country. Helmet adherence can be supported through mobile health interventions.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to evaluate the comparative impact of two different types of SMS text messaging reminders on motorcycle helmet use.
METHODS
Participants were 391 commercial motorcycle taxi drivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants were randomized into three groups, each receiving a different set of messages: (1) social norming messages aimed at emphasizing society's positive stance on helmet wearing, (2) fear appeal messages that emphasized the dangers of riding without a helmet, and (3) control group messages, which included basic road safety messages unrelated to helmet use. Every participant received the control messages. Adherence to helmet use was evaluated by self-report through surveys conducted at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks.
RESULTS
At 6 weeks, the odds of self-reporting consistent helmet use were estimated to be 1.58 times higher in the social norming group than in the control group (P=.04), though this difference was not significant after accounting for multiple testing. There was little difference between fear appeal and control group recipients (odds ratio 1.03, P=.47). Subgroup analysis suggests that both fear appeal and social norming message types might have been associated with increased helmet use among participants who did not consistently wear helmets at baseline (odds ratio 1.66 and odds ratio 1.84, respectively), but this was not significant (P=.11 and P=.07, respectively). Among those who were consistent wearers at baseline, the social norming messages performed better than the fear appeal messages, and this difference reached traditional significance (P=.03), but was not significant after accounting for multiple testing.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of SMS text messaging reminders may improve helmet use among motorcycle drivers when framed as social norming messages. Given that nearly half of the drivers in our sample did not consistently wear their helmets on every trip, strategies to increase consistent usage could greatly benefit public safety.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02120742; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02120742.
背景
道路交通伤害是坦桑尼亚一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。增加摩托车驾驶员戴头盔的比例可以帮助减轻该国道路交通伤害的负担。移动健康干预措施可以支持头盔的使用。
目的
本研究旨在评估两种不同类型的短信文本提醒对摩托车头盔使用的比较影响。
方法
参与者为达累斯萨拉姆的 391 名商用摩托车出租车司机。参与者被随机分为三组，每组收到一组不同的信息：（1）社会规范信息，旨在强调社会对戴头盔的积极立场；（2）恐惧诉求信息，强调不戴头盔骑行的危险；（3）对照组信息，包括与头盔使用无关的基本道路安全信息。每个参与者都收到了对照组的信息。通过基线、3 周和 6 周进行的调查来评估头盔使用的依从性。
结果
在 6 周时，与对照组相比，社会规范组自我报告的一致头盔使用率估计高出 1.58 倍（P=.04），但在考虑到多次测试后，这一差异并不显著。恐惧诉求组和对照组之间没有太大差异（比值比 1.03，P=.47）。亚组分析表明，对于基线时不经常戴头盔的参与者，恐惧诉求和社会规范信息类型都可能与头盔使用率的增加有关（比值比分别为 1.66 和 1.84），但差异不显著（P=.11 和 P=.07）。对于基线时一直戴头盔的参与者，社会规范信息比恐惧诉求信息表现更好，差异达到传统显著水平（P=.03），但在考虑到多次测试后，差异不显著。
结论
当短信文本提醒以社会规范信息的形式出现时，可能会提高摩托车驾驶员的头盔使用率。鉴于我们样本中的近一半司机在每次骑行时都没有一直戴头盔，增加一致使用的策略将大大有利于公共安全。
试验注册
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02120742；https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02120742。
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