生物合成的纳米硒粒子与石榴皮和纳米壳聚糖作为可食用涂层在柑橘青霉病防治中的抗真菌应用。

Antifungal application of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles with pomegranate peels and nanochitosan as edible coatings for citrus green mold protection.

机构信息

Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 22857, Egypt.

Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh city, 33516, Egypt.

出版信息

J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Apr 7;20(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01393-x.

DOI:10.1186/s12951-022-01393-x

PMID:35392922

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8991507/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Citrus production and trading are seriously affected by fungal decays worldwide; the green mold infection by Penicillium digitatum could be the most disastrous. The substitutions of chemical and synthetic fungicides with effectual natural alternatives are global demands; plant extract from pomegranates peels (PPE), biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles with PPE (PPE/SeNPs) and chitosan nanoparticles (NCT) were suggested as efficacious fungicidal agents/nanocomposites to control P. digitatum strains.

METHOD

PPE from Punica granatum was extracted and employed directly for synthesizing SeNPs, whereas NCT was produced using ionic gelation method of chitosan extracted from white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) shells. The physiochemical, biochemical and structural characterization of generated molecules were conducted using infra-red spectroscopy, particles' size (Ps) and charge assessment and electron microscopes imaging. Antifungal potentialities were investigated in vitro and in infected fruits with P. digitatum by applying NCT nanocomposites-based edible coating.

RESULTS

The synthesis of PPE-synthesized SeNPs and NCT was successfully achieved, the molecular bonding in synthesized agents/composites were proved with infrared spectroscopy to have both biochemical and physical interactions. The nanoparticles had 82.72, 9.41 and 85.17 nm mean diameters for NCT, PPE/SeNPs and NCT/PPE/SeNPs nanocomposites, respectively. The nanoparticles had homogenous spherical shapes and good distribution attributes. The entire agents/nanocomposites exhibited potent fungicidal potentialities toward P. digitatum isolates; NCT/PPE/SeNPs nanocomposite was the most forceful and significantly exceeded the fungicidal action of standard fungicide. The direct treatment of fungal mycelia with NCT/PPE/SeNPs nanocomposite led to remarkable lysis and deformations of P. digitatum hyphae within 12 h of treatment. The coating of infected orange with NCT-based edible coatings reduced the green mold infection signs by 91.7, 95.4 and 100%, for NCT, NCT/PPE and NCT/PPE/SeNPs based coating solutions, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

NCT, PPE-synthesized SeNPs, and their innovative nanocomposites NCT/PPE/SeNPs are convincingly recommended for formulating effectual antifungal and edible coatings to eliminate postharvest fungal pathogen, both with protection from their invasion or with destructing their existing infections.

摘要

背景

真菌腐烂会严重影响柑橘的生产和交易；青霉绿霉病的感染是最具灾难性的。用有效天然替代品替代化学和合成杀菌剂是全球的需求；从石榴皮中提取的植物提取物（PPE）、用 PPE 生物合成的硒纳米粒子（PPE/SeNPs）和壳聚糖纳米粒子（NCT）被建议作为有效的杀菌剂/纳米复合材料来控制青霉绿霉病。

方法

从石榴中提取 PPE 并直接用于合成硒纳米粒子，而 NCT 则是通过离子凝胶法从白虾（Fenneropenaeus indicus）壳中提取壳聚糖制成的。采用红外光谱、粒径（Ps）和电荷评估以及电子显微镜成像对生成分子的物理化学和生化特性进行了研究。通过应用基于 NCT 纳米复合材料的可食用涂层，在体外和感染了青霉绿霉病的果实中研究了其抗真菌潜力。

结果

成功合成了 PPE 合成的 SeNPs 和 NCT，红外光谱证明合成剂/复合材料中的分子键合具有生化和物理相互作用。纳米粒子的平均直径分别为 NCT 为 82.72nm、PPE/SeNPs 为 9.41nm 和 NCT/PPE/SeNPs 纳米复合材料为 85.17nm。纳米粒子具有均匀的球形形状和良好的分布特性。所有这些试剂/纳米复合材料对青霉绿霉病分离株均表现出很强的杀菌潜力；NCT/PPE/SeNPs 纳米复合材料是最强的，显著超过了标准杀菌剂的杀菌作用。将 NCT/PPE/SeNPs 纳米复合材料直接处理真菌菌丝体，在处理 12 小时内，导致青霉绿霉病菌丝明显裂解和变形。用基于 NCT 的可食用涂层涂覆感染的橙子，可分别减少绿霉病感染症状 91.7%、95.4%和 100%，对于 NCT、NCT/PPE 和 NCT/PPE/SeNPs 基涂层溶液。