Adhikari Sangeet, Halden Rolf U
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; OneWaterOneHealth, Nonprofit Project of the Arizona State University Foundation, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, 800 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Environ Int. 2022 May;163:107217. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107217. Epub 2022 Mar 27.
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) emerged as a powerful, actionable health management tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hypothesizing future uses, we explored its potential for real-time, tracking of progress in attaining United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) globally as a non-expensive method using existing infrastructure. We inventoried (i) literature-documented sewerage infrastructure, (ii) demographics of populations served, and (iii) WBE markers informative of 9 SDGs. Among the 17 different sustainable development goals listed by the UN 2030 agenda, more than half of these may be monitored by using WBE monitoring at centralized treatment infrastructure as tabulated in this study. Driven mainly by COVID-19, WBE currently is practiced in at least 55 countries, reaching about 300 million people. Expansion of WBE to 109,000 + treatment plants inventoried in 129 countries would increase global coverage 9-fold to 34.7% or 2.7 billion, leaving out 5 billion people not served by centralized sewerage systems. Associations between population demographics and present-day infrastructure are explored, and geospatial regions particularly vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks are identified. The results suggest that difference in the differential outcomes in well-being is an outcome of the sanitation infrastructure inequalities and lack of sanitation infrastructure creates doubly disadvantaged populations at risk of poor hygiene and cut off from the early-warning benefits of conventional WBE. This is the first study to explore the feasibility and potential barriers to the use of WBE for tracking the attainment of SDGs globally with at least 9 out of 17 SDGs.
在新冠疫情期间，基于废水的流行病学（WBE）成为了一种强大且可付诸行动的健康管理工具。基于对其未来用途的设想，我们探索了它作为一种利用现有基础设施的低成本方法，在全球实时跟踪实现联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）进展情况的潜力。我们梳理了（i）文献记载的下水道基础设施，（ii）所服务人口的人口统计学特征，以及（iii）能为9个可持续发展目标提供信息的WBE标志物。在联合国2030年议程列出的17个不同可持续发展目标中，超过半数可通过本研究表格中列出的在集中式处理基础设施处进行WBE监测来实现。主要受新冠疫情推动，目前至少有55个国家在开展WBE，覆盖人口约3亿。若将WBE扩展至129个国家统计的109,000多个处理厂，全球覆盖率将提高9倍，达到34.7%，即27亿人，仍有50亿人未被集中式下水道系统覆盖。我们探讨了人口统计学特征与现有基础设施之间的关联，并确定了特别容易爆发传染病的地理区域。结果表明，福祉方面差异结果的不同是卫生基础设施不平等的结果，而缺乏卫生基础设施会造成双重弱势群体，他们面临卫生条件差的风险，且无法从传统WBE的预警效益中受益。这是第一项探索利用WBE在全球跟踪实现可持续发展目标的可行性和潜在障碍的研究，涉及17个可持续发展目标中的至少9个。
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