Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Pinn Hall 3226, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Pinn Hall 3226, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2022 Jun;74:102537. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102537. Epub 2022 Apr 8.
All cells are filled with membrane-bound organelles which are responsible for the synthesis and transport as well as degradation of membrane proteins. The localization of these organelles inside cells is highly regulated. The regulation of organelle positioning has been widely studied in many cell types. In neurons, organelle positioning and its regulation is of particular interest because of the enormous size of neurons and the high spatial heterogeneity of different functional domains, such as axons, proximal and distal portions of dendrites, and synapses. We will discuss new discoveries with regard to the dynamic positioning of endosomes and lysosomes between soma and along dendrites. Just as the "how" of dynamic endosome/lysosome positioning is still being investigated, the "why" is also being explored. An exciting possibility is that synaptic activity influences organelle behaviors. We will discuss what is currently known about the how and the why of endosome/lysosome dynamics in dendrites.
所有细胞都充满了膜结合细胞器，这些细胞器负责膜蛋白的合成、运输以及降解。这些细胞器在细胞内的定位是高度调节的。细胞器定位的调节在许多细胞类型中都得到了广泛研究。在神经元中，细胞器的定位及其调节特别令人感兴趣，因为神经元的体积非常大，而且不同功能域（如轴突、树突的近端和远端部分以及突触）之间的空间异质性非常高。我们将讨论有关质膜和沿着树突之间的内体和溶酶体的动态定位的新发现。正如动态内体/溶酶体定位的“如何”仍在研究中一样，“为什么”也在探索中。一个令人兴奋的可能性是突触活动影响细胞器的行为。我们将讨论目前已知的关于内体/溶酶体在树突中的动态的“如何”和“为什么”。
