Mikutta Christian, Schmid Julia J, Ehlert Ulrike
University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Privatklinik Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 23;13:780498. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.780498. eCollection 2022.
The present study aimed to assess the frequency of trauma exposure, the prevalence of possible post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the extent of resilience, and sense of coherence among personnel of the Swiss alpine rescue association (ARS).
Using a trilingual online survey approach, 465 mountain rescuers of the ARS were surveyed using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the PTSD Checklist 5 (PCL-5), the Resilience Scale 13 and 14 (RS-13/-14), the Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10), the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12), the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Sense of Coherence Scale 13 (SOC-13), and the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS).
Although the rate of mountain rescuers having witnessed or experienced a traumatic event was high (71%), the prevalence of possible PTSD was low (0.9%). The sample showed high resilience and high sense of coherence. Resilience was positively correlated with work experience. Low perceived stress and high sense of coherence predicted resilience. The severity of PTSD symptoms was mainly predicted by low sense of coherence. Sense of coherence mediated the interaction between resilience and severity of PTSD symptoms.
The findings suggest that resilience and sense of coherence are indicative for the low prevalence of possible PTSD among mountain rescuers, and may therefore represent valuable screening and training parameters for mountain rescue personnel.
本研究旨在评估瑞士高山救援协会（ARS）人员遭受创伤的频率、可能患创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的患病率、恢复力程度以及连贯感。
采用三语在线调查方法，使用创伤后诊断量表（PDS）、创伤后应激障碍检查表5（PCL - 5）、恢复力量表13和14（RS - 13/-14）、感知压力量表10（PSS - 10）、一般健康问卷12（GHQ - 12）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、连贯感量表13（SOC - 13）和柏林社会支持量表（BSSS）对ARS的465名山地救援人员进行了调查。
尽管目睹或经历过创伤事件的山地救援人员比例很高（71%），但可能患PTSD的患病率较低（0.9%）。样本显示出较高的恢复力和较高的连贯感。恢复力与工作经验呈正相关。低感知压力和高连贯感可预测恢复力。PTSD症状的严重程度主要由低连贯感预测。连贯感介导了恢复力与PTSD症状严重程度之间的相互作用。
研究结果表明，恢复力和连贯感是山地救援人员中可能患PTSD患病率较低的指标，因此可能代表山地救援人员有价值的筛查和训练参数。
