Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
German Red Cross, Rescue Service Bodensee-Oberschwaben, 88520 Ravensburg, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 3;16(17):3213. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173213.
Volunteers active in psychosocial emergency care offer psychological first aid to survivors of accidents and trauma, their relatives, eye witnesses, bystanders, and other first responders. So far, there are no studies that investigate the secondary and primary traumatization of this group of first responders. We included = 75 volunteers, who filled out questionnaires to assess their secondary (QST/FST) and primary traumatization (PDS), and levels of comorbid psychological stress (PHQ-9, GAD-7, SF-12). We investigated factors of resilience by measuring attachment behavior (ECR-RD, RQ-2), level of personality functioning (OPD-SFK), sense of coherence (SOC-29), social support (F-SozU), and mindfulness (MAAS). The volunteers' levels of secondary and primary traumatization were below cut-off scores. Their levels of comorbid psychological stress were comparable to representative norm samples. Additionally, the volunteers presented high levels of resilience. Gender (β = 0.26; < 0.05), case discussions (β = -0.37; < 0.05), and social support (β = 0.45; < 0.01) were revealed to be predictors of secondary traumatization, while mindfulness turned out to be a predictor of primary traumatization (β = -0.34; = 0.008). However, we cannot rule out that the low prevalence of traumatization and comorbid psychological stress in our study sample might not be explained by a positive response bias.
活跃于心理社会应急护理的志愿者为事故和创伤幸存者、他们的亲属、目击者、旁观者和其他第一响应者提供心理急救。到目前为止，还没有研究调查这组第一响应者的继发和原发创伤。我们纳入了 75 名志愿者，他们填写了问卷来评估他们的继发创伤（QST/FST）和原发创伤（PDS），以及共病心理压力的水平（PHQ-9、GAD-7、SF-12）。我们通过测量依恋行为（ECR-RD、RQ-2）、人格功能水平（OPD-SFK）、心理一致感（SOC-29）、社会支持（F-SozU）和正念（MAAS）来调查韧性因素。志愿者的继发和原发创伤水平低于临界分数。他们共病心理压力的水平与代表性的常模样本相当。此外，志愿者表现出较高的韧性。性别（β=0.26； < 0.05）、案例讨论（β=-0.37； < 0.05）和社会支持（β=0.45； < 0.01）被揭示为继发创伤的预测因素，而正念则是原发创伤的预测因素（β=-0.34； = 0.008）。然而，我们不能排除在我们的研究样本中，创伤和共病心理压力的低发生率不能用积极的反应偏差来解释。
