Taube Lee N, Mussap Alexander J
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Int J Transgend Health. 2020 Jun 17;23(1-2):194-213. doi: 10.1080/26895269.2020.1777615. eCollection 2022.
Trans-negativity and gender-based discrimination negatively impact on the wellbeing and mental health in transgender (trans) and gender diverse people (TGD). There is limited research on TGD people thriving under adversity, and no research to date has considered TGD people of color in this context.
We used the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-X) to survey 125 TGD people of color and 625 white TGD adults (18 to 68 years old, M = 26.0, SD = 9.2) about their experiences of growth from adversity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using sub-sampling to compensate for our unequal sample sizes, supported a five-factor structure of the PTGI-X consisting of growth in relating to others, finding new possibilities, personal strength, greater appreciation of life, and spiritual/existential change. Measurement invariance tests confirmed configural, metric, and scalar invariance of this structure across the two TGD subgroups.
A MANOVA revealed that growth from adversity in TGD participants was generally greater than that reported by people who have recently been exposed to a traumatic event. T-tests revealed that TGD people of color experienced more growth in terms of relating to others and more personal strength than white TGD participants. Subsequent hierarchical regressions revealed that race moderated associations between PTGI-X scores and personal well-being, with TGD people of color reporting more benefits (more well-being) at high levels of growth but also more deficits (less well-being) at low levels of growth than the white TGD subgroup.
The results support the use of the PTGI-X with TGD populations and across racial TGD subgroups and indicate that growth from adversity is not only prevalent in TGD people but also relevant to positive outcomes, particularly in TGD people of color.
跨性别消极态度和基于性别的歧视对跨性别者（trans）和性别多样化人群（TGD）的幸福和心理健康产生负面影响。关于TGD人群在逆境中茁壮成长的研究有限，迄今为止，尚无研究在这种背景下考虑有色人种的TGD人群。
我们使用创伤后成长量表（PTGI-X）对125名有色人种的TGD人群和625名白人TGD成年人（年龄在18至68岁之间，M = 26.0，SD = 9.2）进行调查，了解他们从逆境中成长的经历。验证性因素分析（CFA）利用子抽样来弥补样本量不均衡的问题，支持了PTGI-X的五因素结构，该结构包括与他人关系的成长、发现新的可能性、个人力量、对生活的更多欣赏以及精神/存在性改变。测量不变性检验证实了该结构在两个TGD亚组中的构型、度量和标量不变性。
一项多变量方差分析显示，TGD参与者从逆境中的成长总体上大于最近经历过创伤事件的人所报告的成长。t检验显示，有色人种的TGD人群在与他人关系方面的成长以及个人力量方面比白人TGD参与者更多。随后的分层回归显示，种族调节了PTGI-X得分与个人幸福感之间的关联，与白人TGD亚组相比，有色人种的TGD人群在高成长水平时报告的益处（更高的幸福感）更多，但在低成长水平时报告的不足（更低的幸福感）也更多。
研究结果支持在TGD人群以及不同种族的TGD亚组中使用PTGI-X，并表明从逆境中成长不仅在TGD人群中普遍存在，而且与积极结果相关，特别是在有色人种的TGD人群中。
