School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2022 Jul 11;61(28):e202200755. doi: 10.1002/anie.202200755. Epub 2022 May 31.
The use of nanoparticles and nanostructured electrodes are abundant in electrocatalysis. These nanometric systems contain elements of nanoconfinement in different degrees, depending on the geometry, which can have a much greater effect on the activity and selectivity than often considered. In this Review, we firstly identify the systems containing different degrees of nanoconfinement and how they can affect the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions. Then we follow with a fundamental understanding of how electrochemistry and electrocatalysis are affected by nanoconfinement, which is beginning to be uncovered, thanks to the development of new, atomically precise manufacturing and fabrication techniques as well as advances in theoretical modeling. The aim of this Review is to help us look beyond using nanostructuring as just a way to increase surface area, but also as a way to break the scaling relations imposed on electrocatalysis by thermodynamics.
纳米粒子和纳米结构电极在电催化中得到了广泛应用。这些纳米系统在不同程度上包含纳米限域的元素，具体取决于几何形状，这对活性和选择性的影响可能比通常认为的要大得多。在这篇综述中，我们首先确定了包含不同程度纳米限域的系统，以及它们如何影响电催化反应的活性和选择性。然后，我们从基本原理上理解了纳米限域如何影响电化学和电催化，这得益于新的原子级精确制造和制造技术的发展以及理论模型的进步，这方面的认识才刚刚开始显现。本综述的目的是帮助我们超越将纳米结构化仅仅作为增加表面积的一种方式，而是将其作为打破热力学对电催化施加的标度关系的一种方式。
