Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Med Internet Res. 2022 Apr 11;24(4):e35554. doi: 10.2196/35554.
Alcohol consumption in pregnancy has been associated with serious fetal health risks and maternal complications. While previous systematic reviews of digital interventions during pregnancy have targeted smoking cessation and flu vaccine uptake, few studies have sought to evaluate their effectiveness in preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
This systematic review aims to assess (1) whether digital interventions are effective in preventing alcohol consumption during the pregnancy/pregnancy-planning period, and (2) the differential effectiveness of alternative digital intervention platforms (ie, computers, mobiles, and text messaging services).
PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for studies with digital interventions aiming to prevent alcohol consumption among pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant. A random effects primary meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the combined effect size and extent to which different digital platforms were successful in preventing alcohol consumption in pregnancy.
Six studies were identified and included in the final review. The primary meta-analysis produced a sample-weighted odds ratio (OR) of 0.62 (95% CI 0.42-0.91; P=.02) in favor of digital interventions decreasing the risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy when compared to controls. Computer/internet-based interventions (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.93) were an effective platform for preventing alcohol consumption. Too few studies of text messaging (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.29-2.52) were available to draw a conclusion.
Overall, our review highlights the potential for digital interventions to prevent alcohol consumption among pregnant women and women planning to become pregnant. Considering the advantages of digital interventions in promoting healthy behavioral changes, future research is necessary to understand how certain platforms may increase user engagement and intervention effectiveness to prevent women from consuming alcohol during their pregnancies.
怀孕期间饮酒与严重的胎儿健康风险和产妇并发症有关。虽然之前针对怀孕期间数字干预措施的系统评价针对的是戒烟和流感疫苗接种，但很少有研究试图评估其在预防怀孕期间饮酒方面的有效性。
本系统评价旨在评估（1）数字干预措施是否能有效预防怀孕期间（怀孕计划期间）饮酒，以及（2）替代数字干预平台（即计算机、移动设备和短信服务）的差异有效性。
在 PubMed、Embase、CINAHL 和 Web of Science 中搜索旨在预防孕妇或计划怀孕的妇女饮酒的数字干预措施的研究。进行随机效应主要荟萃分析，以估计组合效应大小以及不同数字平台在预防怀孕期间饮酒方面的成功程度。
确定了六项研究并纳入最终评价。主要荟萃分析产生了一个样本加权优势比（OR）为 0.62（95%CI 0.42-0.91；P=.02），表明与对照组相比，数字干预措施降低了怀孕期间饮酒的风险。基于计算机/互联网的干预措施（OR 0.59，95%CI 0.38-0.93）是预防饮酒的有效平台。关于短信的研究太少（OR 0.29，95%CI 0.29-2.52），无法得出结论。
总的来说，我们的综述强调了数字干预措施预防孕妇和计划怀孕的妇女饮酒的潜力。考虑到数字干预措施在促进健康行为改变方面的优势，未来的研究有必要了解某些平台如何提高用户参与度和干预效果，以防止妇女在怀孕期间饮酒。
