Faculty of Medical Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Nutrients. 2022 Mar 27;14(7):1400. doi: 10.3390/nu14071400.
Plant-based diets are becoming increasingly popular. Vegetarian diets are better for the environment and exhibit health benefits. A correctly balanced plant-based diet is appropriate at every stage of life. Compared to omnivores, vegetarians consume more fruits and vegetables, more fibre, vitamins C and E, magnesium and less saturated fats. In general, they have better nutrition knowledge, and they are slimmer, healthier and live longer than omnivores. It also seems that following a plant-based diet prevents the onset of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity and some cancers. Food intake has a key influence on insulin resistance. Consumption of calorie-rich and highly processed foods, meats and sweetened beverages is a characteristic element of Western diets. They promote and elevate insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In contrast, intake of pulses and exclusion of meats as well as animal products bring significant benefits to vegetarian diets. According to studies, vegetarians and vegans have better blood parameters, including better glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels. Their homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) test results are also better. More plant-based foods and fewer animal foods in a diet result in lower insulin resistance and a lower risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of plant-based diets on insulin resistance. In this review, we focused on presenting the positive effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on insulin resistance while showing possible clinical applications of plant-based diets in the treatment and prevention of modern-age diseases. Current and reliable publications meeting the requirements of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) were taken into account in this review.
植物性饮食正变得越来越流行。素食饮食对环境更有益，并具有健康益处。正确平衡的植物性饮食适合生命的每个阶段。与杂食者相比，素食者消耗更多的水果和蔬菜、更多的纤维、维生素 C 和 E、镁和更少的饱和脂肪。总的来说，他们具有更好的营养知识，并且比杂食者更苗条、更健康、寿命更长。似乎遵循植物性饮食可以预防心血管疾病、高血压、2 型糖尿病、肥胖和某些癌症等慢性疾病的发作。食物摄入对胰岛素抵抗有重要影响。高热量和高度加工食品、肉类和含糖饮料的摄入是西方饮食的一个特点。它们促进并加重胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病。相比之下，摄入豆类并排除肉类和动物产品为素食带来了显著的益处。根据研究，素食者和纯素食者的血液参数更好，包括更好的血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇水平。他们的胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估 (HOMA-IR) 测试结果也更好。饮食中更多的植物性食物和更少的动物性食物导致胰岛素抵抗降低，糖尿病前期和 2 型糖尿病的风险降低。本研究旨在探讨植物性饮食对胰岛素抵抗的影响。在这篇综述中，我们专注于展示素食和纯素饮食对胰岛素抵抗的积极影响，同时展示植物性饮食在治疗和预防现代疾病方面的可能临床应用。本综述考虑了符合循证医学 (EBM) 要求的当前和可靠出版物。
