Singh Priyanka, Arif Yamshi, Miszczuk Edyta, Bajguz Andrzej, Hayat Shamsul
Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 4;11(7):979. doi: 10.3390/plants11070979.
Lipoxygenases (LOXs), naturally occurring enzymes, are widely distributed in plants and animals. LOXs can be non-sulfur iron, non-heme iron, or manganese-containing dioxygenase redox enzymes. LOXs catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into fatty acid hydroperoxides. Linolenic acid, a precursor in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, is converted to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid through oxygenation with LOX, allene oxide synthase, and allene oxide cyclase. Moreover, JA participates in seed germination, fruit ripening, senescence, and many other physio-biochemical processes. LOXs also play crucial roles in defense responses against biotic stress, i.e., insects, pests, pathogenic attacks, and abiotic stress, such as wounding, UV-rays, extreme temperature, oxidative stress, and drought.
脂氧合酶（LOXs）是天然存在的酶，广泛分布于动植物中。脂氧合酶可以是无硫铁、非血红素铁或含锰的双加氧酶氧化还原酶。脂氧合酶催化多不饱和脂肪酸氧化为脂肪酸氢过氧化物。亚麻酸是茉莉酸（JA）生物合成的前体，通过脂氧合酶、丙二烯氧化物合酶和丙二烯氧化物环化酶的氧化作用转化为12-氧代植物二烯酸。此外，茉莉酸参与种子萌发、果实成熟、衰老以及许多其他生理生化过程。脂氧合酶在抵御生物胁迫（如昆虫、害虫、病原体攻击）和非生物胁迫（如伤口、紫外线、极端温度、氧化胁迫和干旱）的防御反应中也起着关键作用。
