Yee J P, Koshiver J E, Allbon C, Brown C R
Pharmacotherapy. 1986 Sep-Oct;6(5):253-61. doi: 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1986.tb03485.x.
Ketorolac tromethamine is a new injectable nonnarcotic analgesic. In a parallel, double-blind study, the analgesic efficacies of single intramuscular doses of ketorolac 10, 30 and 90 mg were compared with those of morphine sulfate 6 and 12 mg. Two hundred forty-one patients were categorized according to type of surgical procedure and severity of pain. Pain intensity and pain relief were assessed for 6 hours by scoring standard verbal and visual analog scales. Patients receiving ketorolac 10, 30 or 90 mg or morphine (MS) 12 mg all had significantly better pain relief in almost all measurements performed than those receiving MS 6 mg (p less than 0.05). Ketorolac 10 and 30 mg were as effective as morphine 12 mg during the entire 6-hour observation period, and ketorolac 90 mg was more effective than morphine 12 mg during the entire 6 hours. Patients with pain related to major surgery (e.g., cholecystectomy and abdominal hysterectomy) were better able to distinguish analgesic potency of morphine than those having less traumatic procedures (e.g., tendon and ligament repairs).
酮咯酸氨丁三醇是一种新型的注射用非麻醉性镇痛药。在一项平行双盲研究中，比较了单次肌内注射10毫克、30毫克和90毫克酮咯酸的镇痛效果与6毫克和12毫克硫酸吗啡的镇痛效果。根据手术类型和疼痛严重程度对241例患者进行了分类。通过对标准语言和视觉模拟量表评分，评估6小时内的疼痛强度和疼痛缓解情况。接受10毫克、30毫克或90毫克酮咯酸或12毫克吗啡（MS）治疗的患者，在几乎所有测量中，其疼痛缓解情况均明显优于接受6毫克MS治疗的患者（p<0.05）。在整个6小时观察期内，10毫克和30毫克酮咯酸的效果与12毫克吗啡相当，90毫克酮咯酸在整个6小时内比12毫克吗啡更有效。与大手术（如胆囊切除术和腹式子宫切除术）相关疼痛的患者比创伤较小手术（如肌腱和韧带修复）的患者更能区分吗啡的镇痛效力。
