Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 23;23(7):3472. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073472.
Although the human lifespan has increased in the past century owing to advances in medicine and lifestyle, the human healthspan has not kept up the same pace, especially in brain aging. Consequently, the role of preventive health interventions has become a crucial strategy, in particular, the identification of nutritional compounds that could alleviate the deleterious effects of aging. Among nutrients to cope with aging in special cognitive decline, the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have emerged as very promising ones. Due to their neuroinflammatory resolving effects, an increased status of DHA and EPA in the elderly has been linked to better cognitive function and a lower risk of dementia. However, the results from clinical studies do not show consistent evidence and intake recommendations for old adults are lacking. Recently, supplementation with structured forms of EPA and DHA, which can be derived natural forms or targeted structures, have proven enhanced bioavailability and powerful benefits. This review summarizes present and future perspectives of new structures of ω-3 LCPUFAs and the role of "omic" technologies combined with the use of high-throughput in vivo models to shed light on the relationships and underlying mechanisms between ω-3 LCPUFAs and healthy aging.
尽管由于医学和生活方式的进步，人类的寿命在过去一个世纪有所延长，但人类的健康寿命并没有跟上同样的步伐，尤其是在大脑衰老方面。因此，预防健康干预措施的作用已经成为一项关键策略，特别是确定能够减轻衰老不利影响的营养化合物。在应对特殊认知能力下降的衰老的营养素中，长链 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3 LCPUFAs）二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）已成为非常有前途的物质。由于其具有神经炎症缓解作用，老年人中 DHA 和 EPA 状态的增加与更好的认知功能和痴呆风险降低有关。然而，临床研究的结果并没有提供一致的证据，也缺乏针对老年人的摄入量建议。最近，补充结构形式的 EPA 和 DHA，这些物质可以从天然形式或靶向结构中获得，已被证明具有更高的生物利用度和强大的益处。本综述总结了新型 ω-3 LCPUFAs 的现状和未来展望，以及“组学”技术与高通量体内模型的结合使用，以阐明 ω-3 LCPUFAs 与健康衰老之间的关系和潜在机制。
