Lukanova-Jakubowska Anna, Piechota Katarzyna, Grzywacz Tomasz, Ambroży Tadeusz, Rydzik Łukasz, Ozimek Mariusz
Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Próskowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland.
Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 23;19(7):3814. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073814.
This study characterizes high-altitude training camps and their effect on the aerobic capacity of a Polish national team member (M.W.), who was a participant in the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games (body weight: 59.6 kg, body height: 161.0 cm, fat mass: 10.9 kg and 18.3% of fat tissue, fat-free mass: 48.7 kg, muscle mass: 46.3 kg, and BMI = 23.0 kg/m). The tests were conducted in the periods from April 2018 to September 2018 and April 2019 to September 2019 (period of general and special preparation). The study evaluated aerobic and anaerobic capacity determined by laboratory tests, a cardiopulmonary graded exercise test to exhaustion performed on a cycle ergometer (CPET), and the Wingate anaerobic test. Based on the research, training in hypobaric conditions translated into significant improvements in the skater's exercise capacity recorded after participating in the Olympic Winter Games in Korea (February 2018). In the analyzed period (2018-2019), there was a significant increase in key parameters of aerobic fitness such as anaerobic threshold power output (AT-PO) [W]-223; power output POmax [W]-299 and AT-PO [W/kg]-3.50; (POmax) [W/kg]-4.69; and AT-VO [mL/kg/min]-51.3; VOmax [mL/kg/min]-61.0. The athlete showed high-exercise-induced adaptations and improvements in the aerobic metabolic potential after two seasons, in which four training camps were held in altitude conditions.
本研究对高海拔训练营及其对一名波兰国家队队员（M.W.）有氧能力的影响进行了特征描述。该队员参加了2018年平昌冬奥会（体重：59.6千克，身高：161.0厘米，脂肪量：10.9千克，脂肪组织占18.3%，去脂体重：48.7千克，肌肉量：46.3千克，BMI = 23.0千克/平方米）。测试在2018年4月至9月以及2019年4月至9月（一般准备期和专项准备期）进行。该研究评估了通过实验室测试、在自行车测功仪上进行的心肺运动负荷试验直至力竭（CPET）以及温盖特无氧试验所测定的有氧和无氧能力。基于这项研究，在低压环境下的训练转化为该滑冰运动员在参加韩国冬奥会（2018年2月）后记录的运动能力的显著提高。在分析期（2018 - 2019年）内，有氧适能的关键参数有显著增加，如无氧阈功率输出（AT - PO）[瓦] - 223；最大功率输出POmax [瓦] - 299以及AT - PO [瓦/千克] - 3.50；（POmax）[瓦/千克] - 4.69；以及AT - VO [毫升/千克/分钟] - 51.3；VOmax [毫升/千克/分钟] - 61.0。在经历了两个在高原条件下举办四个训练营的赛季后，该运动员在有氧代谢潜力方面表现出了较高的运动诱导适应性和改善。
