Bellush L L, Rowland N E
Brain Res Bull. 1986 Nov;17(5):653-61. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(86)90197-8.
The literature concerning dietary self-selection patterns of diabetic rats is reviewed and compared with new data. There is agreement among the various investigators as to the dietary choices observed following induction of diabetes, regardless of the diabetogenic treatment used. That is, moderately diabetic rats select a high fat, low carbohydrate diet, whereas more severely diabetic animals consume high protein, low carbohydrate diets with little change in fat consumption relative to nondiabetic controls. Even very midly diabetic rats reduce carbohydrate intake. Evaluation of metabolic status of diabetics suggests that with severe diabetes, the beneficial reduction of plasma glucose seen with consumption of a high fat diet may be offset by extreme elevations in ketone and triglyceride levels. Moreover, the hypothesis that diabetic rats are insensitive to carbohydrate calories seems weakened by evidence of reduced food intake following carbohydrate consumption either in solutions or as a gastric load. These findings are discussed in terms of "dietary wisdom" as first proposed by Richter.
本文回顾了有关糖尿病大鼠饮食自我选择模式的文献，并将其与新数据进行了比较。无论采用何种致糖尿病治疗方法，不同研究者对于糖尿病诱导后观察到的饮食选择存在共识。也就是说，中度糖尿病大鼠选择高脂肪、低碳水化合物饮食，而重度糖尿病动物则摄入高蛋白、低碳水化合物饮食，相对于非糖尿病对照组，脂肪摄入量变化不大。即使是非常轻度糖尿病大鼠也会减少碳水化合物摄入量。对糖尿病患者代谢状态的评估表明，在严重糖尿病情况下，食用高脂肪饮食所带来的血浆葡萄糖有益降低可能会被酮体和甘油三酯水平的极端升高所抵消。此外，糖尿病大鼠对碳水化合物热量不敏感的假设似乎因以下证据而受到削弱：无论是以溶液形式还是作为胃内负荷摄入碳水化合物后，食物摄入量都会减少。这些发现将根据里希特首次提出的“饮食智慧”进行讨论。
