Daood Umer, Ilyas Muhammad Sharjeel, Ashraf Mariam, Akbar Munazza, Bapat Ranjeet Ajit, Khan Abdul Samad, Pichika Mallikarjuna Rao, Parolia Abhishek, Seow Liang Lin, Khoo Suan Phaik, Yiu Cynthia
Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 15;12(1):6354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10290-0.
Silane-based/fully hydrolyzed, endodontic irrigant exhibiting antimicrobial properties, is prepared, and is hypothesized to control macrophage polarization for tissue repair. Albino wistar rats were injected with 0.1 ml root canal irrigant, and bone marrow cells procured. Cellular mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker green along with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) performed for macrophage extracellular vesicle. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were induced for M1 and M2 polarization and Raman spectroscopy with scratch assay performed. Cell counting was used to measure cytotoxicity, and fluorescence microscopy performed for CD163. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate interaction of irrigants with Enterococcus faecalis. K21 specimens exhibited reduction in epithelium thickness and more mitochondrial mass. EVs showed differences between all groups with decrease and increase in IL-6 and IL-10 respectively. 0.5%k21 enhanced wound healing with more fibroblastic growth inside scratch analysis along with increased inflammation-related genes (ICAM-1, CXCL10, CXCL11, VCAM-1, CCL2, and CXCL8; tissue remodelling-related genes, collagen 1, EGFR and TIMP-2 in q-PCR analysis. Sharp bands at 1643 cm existed in all with variable intensities. 0.5%k21 had a survival rate of BMSCs comparable to control group. Bacteria treated with 0.5%k21/1%k21, displayed damage. Antimicrobial and reparative efficacy of k21 disinfectant is a proof of concept for enhanced killing of bacteria across root dentin acquiring functional type M2 polarization for ethnopharmacological effects.
制备了具有抗菌特性的硅烷基/完全水解的牙髓冲洗剂，并假设其可控制巨噬细胞极化以促进组织修复。向白化Wistar大鼠注射0.1 ml根管冲洗剂，然后获取骨髓细胞。用MitoTracker绿色染料对细胞线粒体进行染色，并对巨噬细胞细胞外囊泡进行透射电子显微镜（TEM）检测。诱导骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）进行M1和M2极化，并进行拉曼光谱和划痕试验。使用细胞计数法测量细胞毒性，并对CD163进行荧光显微镜检测。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究冲洗剂与粪肠球菌的相互作用。K21标本显示上皮厚度减小，线粒体质量增加。细胞外囊泡在所有组之间存在差异，IL-6减少，IL-10增加。0.5% K21在划痕分析中促进了伤口愈合，成纤维细胞生长增多，同时炎症相关基因（ICAM-1、CXCL10、CXCL11、VCAM-1、CCL2和CXCL8）以及q-PCR分析中组织重塑相关基因（胶原蛋白1、表皮生长因子受体和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2）增加。在1643 cm处均存在强度可变的尖锐谱带。0.5% K21的骨髓间充质干细胞存活率与对照组相当。用0.5% K21/1% K21处理的细菌显示出损伤。K21消毒剂的抗菌和修复功效证明了其在增强杀灭根牙本质细菌方面的概念验证，为民族药理学效应获得功能性M2型极化。
