Rana Anju, Manjunath Shiva, Bhattacharya Hirak
Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Department of Periodontics, IDS, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2022 Mar 21;19:21. eCollection 2022.
Adverse pregnancy outcome is due to deviation from the normal physiological and immunological process. There is conflicting evidence in support of maternal periodontitis as a risk factor for preterm low birth weight (PTLBW). Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the correlation between PTLBW and periodontitis in postpartum mothers based on clinical and microbiological parameters.
An observational retrospective study was conducted. A total of 103 women with singleton births were included in the study, which was divided into two groups, i.e., Group I-PTLBW and Group II-normal term normal birth weight (NTNBW). Clinical parameters such as oral hygiene index simplified, gingival bleeding index (BOP %), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded on the next day of postpartum. Two samples from each group, i.e., placental extract and the subgingival plaque were collected and transported to the laboratory in an anaerobic medium for microbiological analysis. The statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired -test and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney -test. The < 0.001 was considered statistically significant.
PTLBW group showed significantly higher amounts of periodontal destruction in terms of clinical parameters. The pathogens were also in higher quantities in the PTLBW group compared to the NTNBW group.
Periodontitis is related to PTLBW in pregnant women of the studied population. Maternal oral hygiene status delivering PTLBW babies are compromised compared to mothers delivering NTNBW babies. Hence, periodontitis during pregnancy phase is an important health concern for the growing fetus.
不良妊娠结局是由于偏离了正常的生理和免疫过程。关于孕产妇牙周炎作为早产低体重（PTLBW）危险因素的证据存在矛盾。因此，本研究的目的是基于临床和微生物学参数评估产后母亲中PTLBW与牙周炎之间的相关性。
进行了一项观察性回顾性研究。共有103名单胎分娩的妇女纳入研究，分为两组，即第一组 - PTLBW组和第二组 - 足月正常出生体重（NTNBW）组。产后第二天记录简化口腔卫生指数、牙龈出血指数（BOP%）、牙周探诊深度（PPD）和临床附着丧失（CAL）等临床参数。从每组采集两份样本，即胎盘提取物和龈下菌斑，在厌氧培养基中运送到实验室进行微生物学分析。使用非配对t检验和Wilcoxon Mann - Whitney检验进行统计分析。P < 0.001被认为具有统计学意义。
就临床参数而言，PTLBW组显示出明显更高的牙周破坏程度。与NTNBW组相比，PTLBW组中的病原体数量也更多。
在所研究人群的孕妇中，牙周炎与PTLBW有关。与分娩NTNBW婴儿的母亲相比，分娩PTLBW婴儿的母亲的口腔卫生状况较差。因此，孕期牙周炎是发育中胎儿的一个重要健康问题。
