Clin Lab. 2022 Apr 1;68(4). doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2021.210723.
Prototheca algaemia is a rare but life-threatening disease that occurs primarily in immunocompromised patients. We report a fatal case of Prototheca zopfii bloodstream infection in a 54-year-old woman receiving chemotherapy for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
The isolate was identified using an automated biochemical identification system (VITEK 2; bioMerieux) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (VITEK MS; bioMerieux). Partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequencing was performed for definitive identification and genotyping.
The patient had persistent neutropenic fever, and isolates from blood culture were identified as P. zopfii. Sequencing was performed and the isolate was confirmed to be P. zopfii genotype 2, which was newly named as P. bovis. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B but died of septic shock.
Prototheca spp. should be considered an emerging pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients, due to its ubiquitous nature.
藻类性原质体病是一种罕见但危及生命的疾病，主要发生在免疫功能低下的患者中。我们报告了一例接受化疗治疗复发性急性淋巴细胞白血病的 54 岁女性发生的致死性小孢子藻血流感染病例。
使用自动生化鉴定系统（VITEK 2；生物梅里埃）和基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（VITEK MS；生物梅里埃）对分离株进行鉴定。进行部分 18S 和 28S rDNA 测序以进行明确鉴定和基因分型。
患者持续中性粒细胞减少性发热，血培养分离出小孢子藻。测序后，该分离株被确认为小孢子藻 2 型，新命名为牛小孢子藻。患者接受两性霉素 B 脂质体治疗，但死于感染性休克。
由于原质体属无处不在，因此应将其视为一种新兴病原体，尤其是在免疫功能低下的患者中。
