Risk Assessment Division, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO), Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
Mycotoxin Res. 2022 May;38(2):147-161. doi: 10.1007/s12550-022-00456-0. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
Biomonitoring of mycotoxins and their metabolites in biological fluids is increasingly used to assess human exposure. In this study, biomarkers of ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) exposure were determined in a large number of serum samples from healthy blood donors in Switzerland. In 2019, 700 samples from different regions were obtained. From 240 donors, a second sample (taken 2-9 months later) was available for analysis. Moreover, 355 blood donor samples from 2005 from all regions in Switzerland and 151 additional samples from the southern Swiss region of Ticino from 2005 could be analysed.OTA, 2'R-ochratoxin A (2'R-OTA), ochratoxin alpha (OTα), CIT and dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) were analysed using validated targeted methods including precipitation and online SPE clean-up.OTA and 2'R-OTA were frequently detected (OTA in 99%; 2'R-OTA in 51% of the tested samples). The mean concentration in all positive samples was 0.4 ng/mL for OTA and 0.2 ng/mL for 2'R-OTA. OTα was not detected in any sample above the limit of quantification (LOQ). In contrast to OTA, CIT and DH-CIT were only quantifiable in 2% and 0.1% of the samples, respectively. No significant trend was observed between the samples from 2005 and the more recent samples, but OTA concentrations were usually higher in serum samples from the southern Swiss region of Ticino and in males compared to females.Our extensive data fit well within the framework of previously published values for the healthy adult European population.
生物体液中霉菌毒素及其代谢物的生物监测越来越多地用于评估人体暴露情况。在这项研究中，测定了瑞士健康献血者大量血清样本中黄曲霉毒素 A（OTA）和桔霉素（CIT）暴露的生物标志物。2019 年，从不同地区获得了 700 个样本。从 240 名供体中，可获得第二个样本（采集时间为 2-9 个月后）进行分析。此外，还分析了来自瑞士所有地区 2005 年的 355 名献血者样本和来自瑞士南部提契诺地区的 2005 年的 151 个额外样本。OTA、2'R-ochratoxin A（2'R-OTA）、ochratoxin alpha（OTα）、CIT 和二氢桔霉素（DH-CIT）使用经过验证的靶向方法进行分析，包括沉淀和在线 SPE 净化。OTA 和 2'R-OTA 经常被检测到（OTA 在 99%的测试样本中；2'R-OTA 在 51%的测试样本中）。所有阳性样本中 OTA 的平均浓度为 0.4ng/mL，2'R-OTA 的平均浓度为 0.2ng/mL。OTα 未在任何超过定量限（LOQ）的样本中检出。与 OTA 相比，CIT 和 DH-CIT 分别仅在 2%和 0.1%的样本中可定量。2005 年的样本与最近的样本之间未观察到明显趋势，但与女性相比，来自瑞士南部提契诺地区的血清样本中的 OTA 浓度通常更高。我们广泛的数据很好地符合以前发表的健康成年欧洲人群值的框架。
