Adedigba Adeyinka P, Adeshina Steve A, Aibinu Abiodun M
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna 920211, Nigeria.
Department of Computer Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 900001, Nigeria.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Apr 6;9(4):161. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9040161.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer (BC) is the second most reported cancer. Although the incidence rate is reducing in developed countries, the reverse is the case in low- and middle-income countries. Early detection has been found to contain cancer growth, prevent metastasis, ease treatment, and reduce mortality by 25%. The digital mammogram is one of the most common, cheapest, and most effective BC screening techniques capable of early detection of up to 90% BC incidence. However, the mammogram is one of the most difficult medical images to analyze. In this paper, we present a method of training a deep learning model for BC diagnosis. We developed a discriminative fine-tuning method which dynamically assigns different learning rates to each layer of the deep CNN. In addition, the model was trained using mixed-precision training to ease the computational demand of training deep learning models. Lastly, we present data augmentation methods for mammograms. The discriminative fine-tuning algorithm enables rapid convergence of the model loss; hence, the models were trained to attain their best performance within 50 epochs. Comparing the results, DenseNet achieved the highest accuracy of 0.998, while AlexNet obtained 0.988.
癌症是全球第二大致死原因,而乳腺癌(BC)是报告病例数第二多的癌症。尽管发达国家的发病率在下降,但在低收入和中等收入国家情况却相反。早期发现已被证明可以抑制癌症生长、防止转移、简化治疗并降低25%的死亡率。数字化乳腺X线摄影是最常见、最便宜且最有效的乳腺癌筛查技术之一,能够早期检测出高达90%的乳腺癌病例。然而,乳腺X线摄影图像是最难分析的医学图像之一。在本文中,我们提出了一种用于乳腺癌诊断的深度学习模型训练方法。我们开发了一种判别式微调方法,该方法为深度卷积神经网络(CNN)的每一层动态分配不同的学习率。此外,该模型使用混合精度训练进行训练,以减轻训练深度学习模型的计算需求。最后,我们提出了针对乳腺X线摄影图像的数据增强方法。判别式微调算法能够使模型损失快速收敛;因此,这些模型在50个轮次内就被训练到达到最佳性能。比较结果发现,DenseNet达到了最高准确率0.998,而AlexNet的准确率为0.988。