Pellegrini-Laplagne Manon, Dupuy Olivier, Sosner Philippe, Bosquet Laurent
Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, TSA 31113, CEDEX 9, 96073 Poitiers, France.
Société Rev'Lim, 87000 Limoges, France.
Brain Sci. 2022 Mar 28;12(4):455. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12040455.
The rapid increase in population aging and associated age-related cognitive decline requires identifying innovative and effective methods to prevent it. To manage this socio-economic challenge, physical, cognitive, and combined stimulations are proposed. The superiority of simultaneous training compared to passive control and physical training alone seems to be an efficient method, but very few studies assess the acute effect on executive function. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of simultaneous physical and cognitive exercise on executive functions in healthy older adults, in comparison with either training alone. Seventeen healthy older adults performed three experimental conditions in randomized order: physical exercise, cognitive exercise, and simultaneous physical and cognitive exercise. The protocol involved a 30 min exercise duration at 60% of theoretical maximal heart rate or 30 min of cognitive exercise or both. Executive functions measured by the Stroop task and pre-frontal cortex oxygenation were assessed before and after the intervention. We found a main effect of time on executive function and all experimental condition seems to improve inhibition and flexibility scores (<0.05). We also found a decrease in cerebral oxygenation (Δ[HbO2]) in both hemispheres after each intervention in all cognitive performance assessed (p < 0.05). Simultaneous physical and cognitive exercise is as effective a method as either physical or cognitive exercise alone for improving executive function. The results of this study may have important clinical repercussions by allowing to optimize the interventions designed to maintain the cognitive health of older adults since simultaneous provide a time-efficient strategy to improve cognitive performance in older adults.
人口老龄化的迅速加剧以及与之相关的年龄相关性认知衰退，需要我们找到创新且有效的预防方法。为应对这一社会经济挑战，人们提出了身体、认知以及综合刺激等方法。与被动控制和单纯的体育锻炼相比，同时进行训练的优势似乎是一种有效的方法，但很少有研究评估其对执行功能的急性影响。本研究旨在调查与单独训练相比，同时进行身体和认知锻炼对健康老年人执行功能的急性影响。17名健康老年人按随机顺序进行了三种实验条件：体育锻炼、认知锻炼以及同时进行身体和认知锻炼。实验方案包括在理论最大心率的60%下进行30分钟的锻炼，或进行30分钟的认知锻炼，或两者同时进行。在干预前后，通过Stroop任务和前额叶皮层氧合来测量执行功能。我们发现时间对执行功能有主要影响，并且所有实验条件似乎都能提高抑制和灵活性得分（<0.05）。我们还发现在所有评估的认知表现中，每次干预后两个半球的脑氧合（Δ[HbO2]）均下降（p < 0.05）。同时进行身体和认知锻炼在改善执行功能方面与单独进行体育锻炼或认知锻炼一样有效。本研究结果可能具有重要的临床意义，因为同时进行身体和认知锻炼为改善老年人的认知表现提供了一种省时高效的策略，从而有助于优化旨在维持老年人认知健康的干预措施。
