Nazir Sumayya, Ali Md Niamat, Tantray Javeed Ahmad, Baba Irfan Akram, Jan Arizo, Popescu Simona Mariana, Paray Bilal Ahamad, Gulnaz Aneela
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
Toxics. 2022 Apr 2;10(4):177. doi: 10.3390/toxics10040177.
Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) assessments were performed on the renal cells of common carp to observe the deleterious effects of two organophosphate insecticides, Phorate and Dimethoate. Pesticides such as Phorate and Dimethoate often pollute aquatic systems where they may negatively impact fish, but so far, the ultrastructural toxicity of these pesticides remains poorly understood. Here, we use Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine how acute exposure to sublethal concentrations of these two pesticides may affect the renal cells of common carp . For each insecticide, the fish were divided in four experimental conditions: a control and three different exposure concentrations of the pesticide. The Phorate treated fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of 0.2 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L for a duration of 24, 48 & 72 h. The dimethoate treated fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of 0.005 mL/L, 0.01 mL/L, 0.015 mL/L for a duration of 24, 48 and 72 h. The two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural abnormalities in the treated fish renal cells when exposed to two toxicants including deformation in the glomerulus, vacuolization of cytoplasm, degenerative nucleus and damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, the ultrastructural abnormalities were more prominent with the increase in the concentrations of both the insecticides and also with their exposure period. Overall, these results provide important baseline data on the ultrastructural toxicity of Phorate and Dimethoate and will allow important follow-up studies to further elucidate the underlying cellular mechanisms of pesticide toxicity in wildlife.
对鲤鱼的肾细胞进行了透射电子显微镜（TEM）评估，以观察两种有机磷杀虫剂甲拌磷和乐果的有害影响。甲拌磷和乐果等农药经常污染水生系统，在这些系统中它们可能会对鱼类产生负面影响，但到目前为止，这些农药的超微结构毒性仍知之甚少。在这里，我们使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）来确定急性暴露于这两种农药的亚致死浓度如何影响鲤鱼的肾细胞。对于每种杀虫剂，将鱼分为四个实验条件：一个对照组和三种不同的农药暴露浓度。用甲拌磷处理的鱼暴露于0.2mg/L、0.4mg/L、0.6mg/L的三种亚致死浓度下，持续24、48和72小时。用乐果处理的鱼暴露于0.005mL/L、0.01mL/L、0.015mL/L的三种亚致死浓度下，持续24、48和72小时。二维透射电子显微镜显示，当暴露于两种有毒物质时，处理过的鱼肾细胞出现超微结构异常，包括肾小球变形、细胞质空泡化、细胞核退化和线粒体受损。此外，随着两种杀虫剂浓度的增加及其暴露时间的延长，超微结构异常更加明显。总体而言，这些结果提供了关于甲拌磷和乐果超微结构毒性的重要基线数据，并将有助于进行重要的后续研究，以进一步阐明野生动物体内农药毒性的潜在细胞机制。
