Aziz Hazhar M, Hama Abdullah A, Salih Mariwan A Hama, Ditta Allah
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Kalar Technical College and Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Kurdistan, Iraq.
Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technology and Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Kurdistan, Iraq.
Vet Sci. 2022 Mar 22;9(4):151. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9040151.
The main goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of among stray dogs, as well as its potential impact on the environmental contamination in the Kurdistan-Iraq using microscopic examination and the Copro-PCR method. The presence of taeniid eggs was recorded in 400 dog faeces collected from the four different regions in the Sulaimani Governorate. The parasite eggs were recovered from fresh and aged faecal samples of the dogs using two isolation techniques, a flotation method (Sheather's solution, modified; specific gravity: d = 1.27) and a sedimentation method (formal-ether) in which the sediments from dog faeces were collected. Both methods were used for Copro-PCR to detect the presence of species egg through DNA using common primers designed to amplify a partial gene of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX). The results of the microscopic examination showed a higher prevalence rate, i.e., 97 (24.25%) of among stray dogs generally in Sulaimani Governorate. The prevalence of among stray dogs according to the district area was 40, 24, 23, and 20.8% in Rzgari, Kalar, Sulaimani, and Halabja, respectively. The positive samples ( = 50) were selected for molecular confirmation, the DNA was extracted from the sediment of the positive samples and 40 (80%) samples were successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The sequences show that all samples belong to the sensu lato (G-G), with slight genetic variation. It was concluded that the sediment of dog faeces can be used for DNA extraction, which is a new method that increases the sensitivity of the test, and the amount of DNA yield would be higher than the routine method, which directly uses faeces of the dogs. In addition, the molecular diagnosis was more sensitive than the microscope examination for the presence of eggs. The prevalence of in both the final hosts and the intermediate hosts must be regularly monitored.
本研究的主要目标是通过显微镜检查和粪便聚合酶链反应（Copro-PCR）方法，估计伊拉克库尔德地区流浪狗体内某种寄生虫的感染率及其对环境污染的潜在影响。从苏莱曼尼亚省四个不同地区收集了400份狗粪便，记录了带绦虫卵的存在情况。使用两种分离技术从狗的新鲜和陈旧粪便样本中回收寄生虫卵，一种是浮选法（改良的谢弗氏溶液，比重：d = 1.27），另一种是沉淀法（甲醛-乙醚法），收集狗粪便中的沉淀物。两种方法都用于粪便聚合酶链反应，通过使用设计用于扩增细胞色素氧化酶亚基1（COX）部分基因的通用引物，通过DNA检测某种寄生虫物种卵的存在。显微镜检查结果显示，苏莱曼尼亚省流浪狗中该寄生虫的感染率较高，即97只（24.25%）。根据地区划分，Rzgari、Kalar、苏莱曼尼亚和哈拉布贾流浪狗中该寄生虫的感染率分别为40%、24%、23%和20.8%。选取阳性样本（n = 50）进行分子确认，从阳性样本的沉淀物中提取DNA，40份（80%）样本通过聚合酶链反应成功扩增。序列显示所有样本均属于广义的某种寄生虫（G-G），存在轻微的基因变异。得出的结论是，狗粪便沉淀物可用于DNA提取，这是一种提高检测灵敏度的新方法，DNA产量高于直接使用狗粪便的常规方法。此外，对于带绦虫卵的检测，分子诊断比显微镜检查更敏感。必须定期监测终末宿主和中间宿主中该寄生虫的感染率。
