Vishnoi Shruti, Raisuddin Sheikh, Parvez Suhel
Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
ACS Omega. 2022 Mar 29;7(14):11587-11595. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05865. eCollection 2022 Apr 12.
Strong training is known to form long-term memory (LTM) as it is an inducer for both a learning tag (just like a synaptic tag/molecular tag) and plasticity-related proteins (PRPs), while weak training is an inducer of only a learning tag. However, weak training can also lead to LTM if paired with another behavioral task (open field in our study-a representative of a novel environment) around the time of PRP arrival. Weak behavioral training is a learning tag inducer, while the open field is a PRP inducer. The learning tag then captures these PRPs to form LTM. This is the basis of behavioral tagging (BT). BT is a well-known model for the evaluation of a few learning and memory forms. In this work, we examined the role of glutamate and D1/D5 (dopamine) receptors in the synthesis of a novel object recognition (NOR) tag (learning) as well as in PRP arrival, which come together to form NOR-LTM. Employing antagonists and/or agonists preceding or proceeding the open field and/or NOR training, it was revealed that the activation/stimulation of D1/D5 (dopamine) receptors and glutamatergic NMDA receptors plays a critical part in PRP arrival. We found that the activation/stimulation of NMDA receptors also contributes to the setting of the learning tag. Moreover, changes in glutamate, dopamine, and GABA neurotransmitter levels were also analyzed. These findings thus demonstrate the critical time window required for NOR-LTM formation based on the process of BT along with the role of activation/stimulation of D1/D5 (dopamine) receptors and NMDA receptors in the arrival of PRPs and learning tags for NOR-LTM formation.
众所周知，强训练可形成长期记忆（LTM），因为它是学习标签（类似于突触标签/分子标签）和可塑性相关蛋白（PRP）的诱导剂，而弱训练仅是学习标签的诱导剂。然而，如果在PRP到达时与另一行为任务（我们研究中的旷场——一种新环境的代表）配对，弱训练也可导致LTM。弱行为训练是学习标签诱导剂，而旷场是PRP诱导剂。然后学习标签捕获这些PRP以形成LTM。这就是行为标记（BT）的基础。BT是一种用于评估几种学习和记忆形式的著名模型。在这项工作中，我们研究了谷氨酸和D1/D5（多巴胺）受体在新物体识别（NOR）标签（学习）合成以及PRP到达中的作用，它们共同形成NOR-LTM。在旷场和/或NOR训练之前或之后使用拮抗剂和/或激动剂，结果表明D1/D5（多巴胺）受体和谷氨酸能NMDA受体的激活/刺激在PRP到达中起关键作用。我们发现NMDA受体的激活/刺激也有助于学习标签的设定。此外，还分析了谷氨酸、多巴胺和GABA神经递质水平的变化。因此，这些发现证明了基于BT过程形成NOR-LTM所需的关键时间窗口，以及D1/D5（多巴胺）受体和NMDA受体的激活/刺激在PRP和学习标签到达以形成NOR-LTM中的作用。
