Department of Genetic Engineering, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.
Biomarkers. 2022 Sep;27(6):534-548. doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2022.2067233. Epub 2022 May 10.
Exosomes are a type of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) which play a crucial role in various diseases. These micro molecules have a macro impact in the pathophysiology of non-infectious diseases. Exosomes involvement in the different diseases has been studied as they regulate intercellular communications and can be derived from various sources. Exosomes role is complicated as they not only promote pathogenesis but also act as a suitable therapeutic agent in most diseases. The presence of a complex molecular cargo consisting of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, miRNA, siRNA, etc.,) renders it a very effective delivery molecule, which acts as a biomarker for many non-infectious diseases like cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They can be used to selectively target cells and activate immune cell responses depending on the source from which they are isolated. Currently, exosomes based immunotherapy is an area gaining importance due to the proteins present in them and their specificity to target cells. This review discusses in detail on the role of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of non-infectious diseases.
外泌体是一种小型细胞外囊泡 (EV)，在各种疾病中发挥着关键作用。这些微小分子在非传染性疾病的病理生理学中具有重要影响。由于外泌体可以调节细胞间通讯，并且可以源自各种来源，因此研究了它们在不同疾病中的作用。外泌体的作用很复杂，因为它们不仅促进发病机制，而且在大多数疾病中也可以作为合适的治疗剂。其复杂的分子货物组成包括核酸（DNA、RNA、miRNA、siRNA 等），使其成为一种非常有效的递药分子，可作为许多非传染性疾病（如癌症、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病）的生物标志物。根据其来源，它们可以用于选择性靶向细胞并激活免疫细胞反应。目前，基于外泌体的免疫疗法因其存在的蛋白质及其对靶细胞的特异性而受到重视。这篇综述详细讨论了外泌体在非传染性疾病的诊断和治疗中的作用。
