Kyotos Kitoga Byalungwa, Oduma Jemimah, Wahome Raphael Githaiga, Kaluwa Catherine, Abdirahman Faduma Abdulahi, Opondoh Angela, Mbobua Jeanette Nkatha, Muchibi John, Bagnol Brigitte, Stanley Meghan, Rosenbaum Marieke, Amuguni Janetrix Hellen
Department of Animal Production, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Apr 14;12(8):1026. doi: 10.3390/ani12081026.
Most rural women smallholder farmers in Kenya generate income from the sale of small ruminant animals. However, diseases such as Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) prevent them from optimizing earnings. A crucial aspect for the control of CCPP is vaccination. In Kenya, CCPP vaccines are distributed through a government delivery mechanism. This study examines gaps and barriers that prevent women smallholder farmers from accessing CCPP vaccines. Qualitative data collection tools used were focus groups discussions, focus meals, jar voices and key informant interviews. Using outcome mapping (OM) methodology, critical partners and stakeholders in the CCPP vaccine value chain (CCPP-VVC) were identified to be the manufacturers, importers, distributors, agrovets, public and private veterinarians, local leaders, and farmers. Respondents highlighted the barriers to be limited access to vaccines due to cold chain problems, inadequate and late delivery of services, lack of information and training on vaccines, and financial constraints. Identified opportunities that can support women's engagement in the CCPP-VVC are the Kenya Governments two-third gender rule, which requires that not more than two thirds of the members of elective or appointive bodies shall be of the same gender, and positive community perception of female veterinarians. We conclude that more resources and training should be made available to women farmers, and that gender perspectives on policy development related to livestock production and disease prevention are urgently needed to improve livestock productivity and increase agency for women.
肯尼亚大多数农村女性小农户通过出售小型反刍动物获得收入。然而，诸如山羊传染性胸膜肺炎（CCPP）等疾病阻碍了她们实现收益最大化。控制CCPP的一个关键方面是疫苗接种。在肯尼亚，CCPP疫苗通过政府供应机制进行分发。本研究调查了阻碍女性小农户获取CCPP疫苗的差距和障碍。所使用的定性数据收集工具包括焦点小组讨论、焦点餐会、罐声访谈和关键 informant 访谈。采用成果映射（OM）方法，确定CCPP疫苗价值链（CCPP-VVC）中的关键合作伙伴和利益相关者为制造商、进口商、经销商、农业兽医、公共和私人兽医人员、地方领导人以及农民。受访者强调，由于冷链问题、服务提供不足和延迟、缺乏关于疫苗的信息和培训以及资金限制，获取疫苗的机会有限。已确定的能够支持女性参与CCPP-VVC的机会包括肯尼亚政府的三分之二性别规则，该规则要求选举或任命机构的成员中同性别的人数不得超过三分之二，以及社区对女性兽医的积极看法。我们得出结论，应向女性农民提供更多资源和培训，并且迫切需要在与畜牧生产和疾病预防相关的政策制定中纳入性别视角，以提高畜牧生产力并增强女性的权能。
