Petroušková Patrícia, Hudáková Nikola, Maloveská Marcela, Humeník Filip, Cizkova Dasa
Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Life (Basel). 2022 Apr 1;12(4):524. doi: 10.3390/life12040524.
Canine mammary cancer (CMC), similar to human breast cancer (HBC) in many aspects, is the most common neoplasm associated with significant mortality in female dogs. Due to the limited therapy options, biomarkers are highly desirable for early clinical diagnosis or cancer progression monitoring. Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) as post-transcriptional gene regulators, they have become attractive biomarkers in oncological research. Except for intracellular miRNAs and cell-free miRNAs, exosome-derived miRNAs (exomiRs) have drawn much attention in recent years as biomarkers for cancer detection. Analysis of exosomes represents a non-invasive, pain-free, time- and money-saving alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of miRNAs that come from non-exosomal sources (canine mammary tumor, mammary tumor cell lines or canine blood serum) and from exosomes as promising biomarkers of CMC based on the current literature. As is discussed, some of the miRNAs postulated as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in CMC were also altered in HBC (such as miR-21, miR-29b, miR-141, miR-429, miR-200c, miR-497, miR-210, miR-96, miR-18a, miR19b, miR-20b, miR-93, miR-101, miR-105a, miR-130a, miR-200c, miR-340, miR-486), which may be considered as potential disease-specific biomarkers in both CMC and HBC.
犬乳腺肿瘤（CMC）在许多方面与人类乳腺癌（HBC）相似，是雌性犬中最常见且与高死亡率相关的肿瘤。由于治疗选择有限，生物标志物对于早期临床诊断或癌症进展监测非常必要。自从发现微小RNA（miRNA或miR）作为转录后基因调节因子以来，它们已成为肿瘤学研究中有吸引力的生物标志物。除了细胞内miRNA和游离miRNA外，近年来，外泌体衍生的miRNA（外泌体miR）作为癌症检测的生物标志物备受关注。外泌体分析是一种非侵入性、无痛、省时且省钱的传统组织活检替代方法。本综述的目的是根据当前文献，总结来自非外泌体来源（犬乳腺肿瘤、乳腺肿瘤细胞系或犬血清）和外泌体的miRNA，作为CMC有前景的生物标志物。如所讨论的，一些在CMC中被假定为诊断或预后生物标志物的miRNA在HBC中也发生了改变（如miR-21、miR-29b、miR-141、miR-429、miR-200c、miR-497、miR-210、miR-96、miR-18a、miR19b、miR-20b、miR-93、miR-101、miR-105a、miR-130a、miR-200c、miR-340、miR-486），这可能被视为CMC和HBC中潜在的疾病特异性生物标志物。
