Calder Philip C, Berger Mette M, Gombart Adrian F, McComsey Grace A, Martineau Adrian R, Eggersdorfer Manfred
NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Apr 6;10(4):568. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10040568.
The world has entered the third year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccination is the primary public health strategy to protect against infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in addition to other measures, such as mask wearing and social distancing. Vaccination has reduced COVID-19 severity and mortality dramatically. Nevertheless, incidence globally remains high, and certain populations are still at risk for severe outcomes. Additional strategies to support immunity, including potentially enhancing the response to vaccination, are needed. Many vitamins and trace minerals have recognized immunomodulatory actions, and their status and/or supplementation have been reported to correspond to the incidence and severity of infection. Furthermore, a variety of observational and some interventional studies report that adequate micronutrient status or micronutrient supplementation is associated with enhanced vaccine responses, including to COVID-19 vaccination. Such data suggest that micronutrient supplementation may hold the potential to improve vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness, although additional interventional studies to further strengthen the existing evidence are needed. Positive findings from such research could have important implications for global public health, since deficiencies in several micronutrients that support immune function are prevalent in numerous settings, and supplementation can be implemented safely and inexpensively.
世界已进入2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的第三年。除佩戴口罩和保持社交距离等其他措施外，接种疫苗是预防严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的主要公共卫生策略。接种疫苗已大幅降低了COVID-19的严重程度和死亡率。然而，全球发病率仍然很高，某些人群仍面临严重后果的风险。需要采取其他支持免疫的策略, 包括可能增强对疫苗接种的反应。许多维生素和微量矿物质具有公认的免疫调节作用，据报道，它们的状态和/或补充与感染的发生率和严重程度相关。此外，各种观察性研究和一些干预性研究报告称，充足的微量营养素状态或微量营养素补充与增强疫苗反应有关，包括对COVID-19疫苗接种的反应。这些数据表明，补充微量营养素可能具有提高疫苗免疫原性和有效性的潜力，不过还需要更多的干预性研究来进一步加强现有证据。此类研究的积极结果可能对全球公共卫生具有重要意义，因为在许多情况下，支持免疫功能的几种微量营养素缺乏情况普遍存在，而且补充可以安全、廉价地实施。
