Altyar Ahmed E, Munir Ans, Ishtiaq Saiqa, Rizwan Muhammad, Abbas Khizar, Kensara Osama, Elhady Sameh S, Rizg Waleed Y, Youssef Fadia S, Ashour Mohamed L
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Mar 31;15(4):427. doi: 10.3390/ph15040427.
Malva parviflora L., Little mallow, has been traditionally used as an alternative food source. It acts as a medicinal herb containing a potential source of mucilage thus herein; we aimed to assess the toxicity, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastro-protective actions of M. parviflora mucilage extracted from its leaves (MLM) and fruit (MFM). Toxicity studies were investigated by in vitro hemolytic assay whereas acute anti-inflammatory and antitussive activities were assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema and sulphur dioxide induced cough model in rats, respectively. Gastro-protective effects were studied using ethanol induced acute and chronic gastric ulcer rat models. Their metabolic profiles were determined using gas chromatography. The results revealed that MLM and MFM were non-toxic towards human erythrocytes and their lethal doses were found to be greater than 5 g/kg. Pretreatment with MLM (500 mg/kg) and MFM (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced paw thickness (p < 0.001). Maximum edema inhibition (%) was observed at 4 h in diclofenac sodium (39.31%) followed by MLM (27.35%) and MFM (15.68%). Animals pretreated with MLM (500 mg/kg) significantly lower the cough frequency in SO2 gas induced cough models in contrast to control. Moreover, MLM at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced the ethanol induced gastric mucosal injuries in acute gastric ulcer models presenting ulcer inhibition of 23.04 and 38.74%, respectively. The chronic gastric ulcer model MFM (500 mg/kg) demonstrated a remarkable gastro-protective effect showing 63.52% ulcer inhibition and results were closely related to standard drug sucralfate. In both models, MLM and MFM decreased gastric juice volume and total acidity in addition to an increased gastric juice pH and gastric mucous content justifying an anti-secretary role of this mucilage that was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Meanwhile, GC analyses of the mucilage revealed their richness with natural as well as acidic monosaccharides. It is concluded that MLM and MFM can be used therapeutically for the management of inflammation, cough and gastric ulcer.
小花锦葵（Malva parviflora L.），即小锦葵，传统上一直被用作替代食物来源。它是一种药草，含有潜在的黏液质来源，因此在本文中，我们旨在评估从小花锦葵叶子（MLM）和果实（MFM）中提取的黏液质的毒性、抗炎、镇咳和胃保护作用。通过体外溶血试验研究毒性，而急性抗炎和镇咳活性分别通过角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠足肿胀和二氧化硫诱导的大鼠咳嗽模型进行评估。使用乙醇诱导的急性和慢性胃溃疡大鼠模型研究胃保护作用。使用气相色谱法测定它们的代谢谱。结果显示，MLM和MFM对人红细胞无毒，其致死剂量大于5 g/kg。用MLM（500 mg/kg）和MFM（500 mg/kg）预处理可显著降低角叉菜胶诱导的足厚度（p < 0.﹒001）。在4小时时观察到双氯芬酸钠的最大水肿抑制率（%）为39.31%，其次是MLM（27.35%）和MFM（15.68%）。与对照组相比，用MLM（500 mg/kg）预处理的动物在二氧化硫诱导的咳嗽模型中咳嗽频率显著降低。此外，在急性胃溃疡模型中，剂量为250和500 mg/kg的MLM可减少乙醇诱导的胃黏膜损伤，溃疡抑制率分别为23.04%和38.74%。慢性胃溃疡模型中，MFM（500 mg/kg）显示出显著的胃保护作用，溃疡抑制率为63.52%，结果与标准药物硫糖铝密切相关。在两个模型中，MLM和MFM除了增加胃液pH值和胃黏液含量外，还降低了胃液体积和总酸度，证明了这种黏液质的抗分泌作用，这一点通过组织病理学检查得到进一步证实。同时，对黏液质的气相色谱分析表明，它们富含天然单糖和酸性单糖。结论是，MLM和MFM可用于治疗炎症、咳嗽和胃溃疡。
