Abdul Hafeez Mian, Mehdi Muntazir, Aslam Faiza, Ashraf Kamran, Aleem Muhammad Tahir, Khalid Abdur Rauf, Sattar Adeel, Waheed Syeda Fakhra, Alouffi Abdulaziz, Alharbi Omar Obaid, Shabbir Muhammad Abu Bakr, Chaudhry Umer, Almutairi Mashal M
Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Pathogens. 2022 Apr 4;11(4):437. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11040437.
Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed disease of warm-blooded animals. It is caused by the opportunistic parasite (). One-third of the global human population is believed to be infected with . Cats serve as final host of and are the main source of contamination of soil and water. This study aimed to detect genotypes of in cats. Fecal samples (n = 400) were collected from districts of South Punjab (Khanewal and Sahiwal), and were processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The obtained oligonucleotide sequences () were submitted to the GenBank database, and the evolutionary tree was constructed using MEGA-X software. Seven fecal samples (3.5%) from cats were positive. Five out of thirteen fecal samples (38.46%) found to be positive for with microscopy were confirmed by PCR. After phylogenetic analysis with 3 clonal types and atypical strains, isolates of in current study were more closely linked to a typical strain (AF249696). Besides genotyping from cats, seroprevalence from humans and ruminants is still considered to be the best and easiest way to identify the . Blood samples were collected from sheep and goats (n = 2000 each), and human blood samples (n = 400) were collected from the same vicinity. Seroprevalence was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In Khanewal, the blood samples of 292 goats (29.2%) and 265 sheep (26.5%), and 6 fecal samples from cats (3%) were positive. Out of 200 human blood samples, 52 were positive, with a seroprevalence of 26%. In the Sahiwal district, the blood samples from 49 humans, 235 sheep and 348 goats were positive, with seroprevalence of 24.5%, 23.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The present study revealed the current circulating genotype of from cats in the districts Khanewal and Sahiwal and the seroprevalence of the organism in small ruminants and humans living in the same vicinity. Further genotype analyses of the organism from ruminants and humans are needed.
弓形虫病是一种在全球范围内分布的温血动物疾病。它由机会性寄生虫（）引起。据信全球三分之一的人口感染了（）。猫是（）的终末宿主，也是土壤和水源污染的主要来源。本研究旨在检测猫体内（）的基因型。从旁遮普邦南部地区（卡内瓦尔和萨希瓦尔）采集了400份粪便样本，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行处理，随后进行测序和系统发育分析。将获得的寡核苷酸序列（）提交至GenBank数据库，并使用MEGA-X软件构建进化树。来自猫的7份粪便样本（3.5%）呈阳性。通过显微镜检查发现的13份粪便样本中有5份（38.46%）对（）呈阳性，经PCR确认。在与3种克隆型和非典型菌株进行系统发育分析后，本研究中的（）分离株与一种典型菌株（AF249696）的联系更为密切。除了对猫进行基因分型外，人类和反刍动物的血清阳性率仍被认为是识别（）的最佳且最简单的方法。从绵羊和山羊（各2000只）采集了血液样本，并从同一地区采集了人类血液样本（400份）。使用商业酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒测定血清阳性率。在卡内瓦尔，292只山羊（29.2%）、265只绵羊（26.5%）的血液样本以及6份猫粪便样本（3%）呈阳性。在200份人类血液样本中，52份呈阳性，血清阳性率为26%。在萨希瓦尔地区，49名人类、235只绵羊和348只山羊的血液样本呈阳性，血清阳性率分别为24.5%、23.5%和34.8%。本研究揭示了卡内瓦尔和萨希瓦尔地区猫体内（）当前流行的基因型以及同一地区小型反刍动物和人类中该生物体的血清阳性率。需要对反刍动物和人类体内的该生物体进行进一步的基因分型分析。
