Nursing School La Fe, Adscript Center of Universidad de Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
Research Group GREIACC, Health Research Institute La Fe, Hospital La Fe, 46016 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 7;19(8):4452. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084452.
COVID-19 has significantly affected the work environment of nurses. In the face of the challenges posed by stressors in clinical practice, some nurses adapt and prove to be resilient. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the nature of care itself and the new ways of working are potentially very stressful. We aim to analyze the resilience of care nurses to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a systematic review of nurse caregiver resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Our search was conducted in the WOS, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, BVS/LILACS, and Cuiden databases. The inclusion criteria were: studies published in Spanish or English; carried out from March 2020 to May 2021 on nurses caring for patients with COVID-19; and investigating the factors influencing the psychological impact, resilience, strategies to develop it, and interventions to promote it during this pandemic and others, such as SARS, MERS, or ebola. The quality of the studies and the risk of bias were evaluated following ICROMS, STROBE and AMSTAR-2 criteria. Twenty-two studies were selected. Most of the studies highlighted the presence of stressors in nurses, emphasizing those of the environment, which converged in dysfunctional responses that hurt their resilience. The most persuasive factors were social and organizational support. Coping strategies developed by nurses and especially interventions by organizations were detected as instruments to foster resilience, but have not been well researched. Resilience has a key moderating role in mitigating the psychological impact of nurses in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 对护士的工作环境产生了重大影响。面对临床实践中压力源带来的挑战，一些护士适应并表现出了韧性。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，护理本身的性质和新的工作方式可能非常有压力。我们旨在分析护理人员对 COVID-19 大流行的心理影响的适应能力。本研究是对 2021 年护士对 COVID-19 大流行的护理韧性的系统评价。我们的搜索在 WOS、Medline/PubMed、Cochrane、BVS/LILACS 和 Cuiden 数据库中进行。纳入标准为：以西班牙语或英语发表的研究；2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 5 月期间针对护理 COVID-19 患者的护士进行的研究；并调查影响心理影响、适应能力、发展策略以及在大流行期间促进适应能力的因素，以及其他因素，如 SARS、MERS 或埃博拉。研究质量和偏倚风险按照 ICROMS、STROBE 和 AMSTAR-2 标准进行评估。选择了 22 项研究。大多数研究强调了护士面临的压力源的存在，强调了环境压力源，这些压力源导致了功能失调的反应，损害了他们的适应能力。最有说服力的因素是社会和组织支持。护士开发的应对策略，特别是组织的干预措施，被视为培养适应能力的工具，但研究不足。适应能力在减轻 COVID-19 大流行期间护士的心理影响方面起着关键的调节作用。
