Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 9;19(8):4528. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084528.
Parental socialization has been studied mainly when is in process, but less is known about its long-term impact on older adults, particularly on one of the most important developmental tasks in later life: being a grandparent. Participants were 313 Spanish grandparents. The present study examined the relationship between parenting and its impacts in the long term, when the child is a grandparent. The variables examined were parenting (parental warmth and parental strictness) and grandparenting functioning (satisfaction with life, meaning of life, parent-adult child relationship quality, emotional closeness with grandchildren, and role overload). The statistical analyses were a correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analyses. A constant pattern between parenting and grandparenting functioning has been found. Warmth was positively associated with grandparenting functioning, as opposed to strictness, which did not show benefits for grandparents and even showed a significant negative relationship with an indicator of grandparenting functioning. Present findings highlight that, during the socialization years, greater parental warmth but not parental strictness might be of benefit for children at the end of their life (i.e., when they are grandparents) but also for their descendants because they have a better relationship with the two following generations (i.e., adult children and grandchildren).
父母教养方式主要在其进行过程中进行研究，但对其对老年人的长期影响知之甚少，尤其是对老年人最重要的发展任务之一：成为祖父母。参与者为 313 名西班牙祖父母。本研究考察了育儿及其在长期（当孩子成为祖父母时）的影响之间的关系。研究的变量包括育儿（父母的温暖和父母的严格）和祖父母的功能（对生活的满意度、生活的意义、父母与成年子女的关系质量、与孙子孙女的情感亲密程度和角色过载）。统计分析包括相关分析和多元线性回归分析。发现了父母教养方式和祖父母教养功能之间的恒定模式。温暖与祖父母的功能呈正相关，而严格则没有好处，甚至与祖父母功能的一个指标呈显著负相关。目前的研究结果表明，在社会化的过程中，父母的温暖而不是严格可能对孩子生命结束时（即当他们成为祖父母时）以及他们的后代有益，因为他们与后两代（即成年子女和孙子孙女）有更好的关系。
