Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 12;14(8):1593. doi: 10.3390/nu14081593.
Fish is considered an important part of a healthy diet, in part due to the content of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. However, both lean and fatty fish have beneficial health effects, suggesting that micronutrients and proteins may play a role. In a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial, five healthy male participants consumed 5.2 g of protein from either salmon fishmeal or whey. Blood samples were taken before and 30 and 60 min after intake. The concentration of glucose, lipids, hormones and metabolites, including 28 different amino acids and derivatives, were measured in serum or plasma. Cultured HepG2 cells were incubated with or without serum from the participants, and transcriptomic profiling was performed using RNA sequencing. The ingestion of both salmon fishmeal and whey reduced the glucose and triglyceride levels in serum. Protein intake, independent of the source, increased the concentration of 22 amino acids and derivatives in serum. Fishmeal increased the concentration of arginine, methionine, serine, glycine, cystathionine and 2-aminobutyric acid more than whey did. Incubation with postprandial serum resulted in large transcriptomic alterations in serum-fasted HepG2 cells, with the differential expression of >4500 protein coding genes. However, when comparing cells cultivated in fasting serum to postprandial serum after the ingestion of fishmeal and whey, we did not detect any differentially regulated genes, neither with respect to the protein source nor with respect to the time after the meal. The comparable nutrigenomic effects of fishmeal and whey do not change the relevance of fish by-products as an alternative food source.
鱼被认为是健康饮食的重要组成部分，部分原因是其含有长链欧米伽-3 脂肪酸。然而，无论是瘦鱼还是肥鱼都对健康有有益影响，这表明微量营养素和蛋白质可能发挥了作用。在一项随机、对照、交叉试验中，五名健康男性参与者分别摄入 5.2 克来自三文鱼鱼粉或乳清的蛋白质。在摄入前和摄入后 30 分钟和 60 分钟采集血样。在血清或血浆中测量葡萄糖、脂质、激素和代谢物的浓度，包括 28 种不同的氨基酸及其衍生物。用参与者的血清或无血清培养 HepG2 细胞，并使用 RNA 测序进行转录组分析。摄入三文鱼鱼粉和乳清均可降低血清中的葡萄糖和甘油三酯水平。无论来源如何，蛋白质摄入都会增加血清中 22 种氨基酸及其衍生物的浓度。与乳清相比，鱼粉增加了精氨酸、蛋氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、胱硫醚和 2-氨基丁酸的浓度。与空腹 HepG2 细胞孵育后，餐后血清导致血清饥饿 HepG2 细胞发生大的转录组改变，差异表达的蛋白编码基因>4500 个。然而，当比较在摄入鱼粉和乳清后的空腹血清和餐后血清中培养的细胞时，我们没有发现任何差异调节的基因，无论是关于蛋白质来源还是关于餐后时间。鱼粉和乳清的可比营养基因组学效应并没有改变鱼副产品作为替代食物来源的重要性。
