Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 18;14(8):1677. doi: 10.3390/nu14081677.
Menopause imposes a dramatic fall in estrogens, which is followed by an increase in the proportion of fat. The rising androgen/estrogen ratio along the menopause transition favors the accumulation of central fat, which contributes to insulin resistance and a series of concatenated effects, leading to a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome. The modulatory effect of diet on the metabolic syndrome phenotype has been shown for the Mediterranean diet, and nuts are key determinants of these health benefits. This review of the impact of nuts on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome cluster examined studies-prioritizing meta-analyses and systemic reviews-to summarize the potential benefits of nut ingestion on the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with menopause. Nuts have a general composition profile that includes macronutrients, with a high proportion of unsaturated fat, bioactive compounds, and fiber. The mechanisms set in motion by nuts have shown different levels of efficacy against the disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome, but a beneficial impact on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism, and a potential, but minimal reduction in blood pressure and fat accumulation have been found.
绝经会导致雌激素水平显著下降，随后脂肪比例增加。绝经过渡期间雄激素/雌激素比例的上升有利于中央脂肪的积累，这会导致胰岛素抵抗和一系列连锁效应，从而导致代谢综合征的发病率更高。地中海饮食对代谢综合征表型的饮食调节作用已经得到证实，而坚果是这些健康益处的关键决定因素。本综述探讨了坚果对代谢综合征相关危险因素的影响，研究优先考虑荟萃分析和系统评价，以总结坚果摄入对与绝经相关的代谢综合征风险的潜在益处。坚果的一般组成谱包括宏量营养素，其中不饱和脂肪、生物活性化合物和纤维的比例较高。坚果引发的机制对与代谢综合征相关的紊乱表现出不同水平的疗效，但对脂质和碳水化合物代谢有有益影响，并可能，但最小程度地降低血压和脂肪积累。
