Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
Viruses. 2022 Apr 12;14(4):794. doi: 10.3390/v14040794.
HTLV-1 uveitis (HU) is the third clinical entity to be designated as an HTLV-1-associated disease. Although HU is considered to be the second-most frequent HTLV-1-associated disease in Japan, information on HU is limited compared to that on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). Recent studies have addressed several long-standing uncertainties about HU. HTLV-1-related diseases are known to be caused mainly through vertical transmission (mother-to-child transmission), but emerging HTLV-1 infection by horizontal transmission (such as sexual transmission) has become a major problem in metropolitan areas, such as Tokyo, Japan. Investigation in Tokyo showed that horizontal transmission of HTLV-1 was responsible for HU with severe and persistent ocular inflammation. The development of ATL and HAM is known to be related to a high provirus load and hence involves a long latency period. On the other hand, factors contributing to the development of HU are poorly understood. Recent investigations revealed that severe HU occurs against a background of Graves' disease despite a low provirus load and short latency period. This review highlights the recent knowledge on HU and provides an update on the topic of HU in consideration of a recent nationwide survey.
人类嗜 T 细胞病毒 1 型葡萄膜炎（HU）是被指定为人类嗜 T 细胞病毒 1 型相关疾病的第三种临床实体。尽管 HU 被认为是日本第二常见的人类嗜 T 细胞病毒 1 型相关疾病，但与成人 T 细胞白血病/淋巴瘤（ATL）和人类嗜 T 细胞病毒 1 型相关脊髓病（HAM）相比，HU 的信息有限。最近的研究解决了 HU 方面的几个长期存在的不确定性问题。众所周知，人类嗜 T 细胞病毒相关疾病主要通过垂直传播（母婴传播）引起，但在东京等大都市地区，新兴的人类嗜 T 细胞病毒 1 型水平传播（如性传播）已成为一个主要问题。在东京的一项调查显示，人类嗜 T 细胞病毒 1 型的水平传播导致了严重且持续的眼部炎症的 HU。ATL 和 HAM 的发展被认为与高前病毒载量有关，因此潜伏期较长。另一方面，HU 发展的因素尚未得到很好的理解。最近的调查显示，尽管前病毒载量低且潜伏期短，但严重的 HU 会在 Graves 病的背景下发生。本综述强调了 HU 的最新知识，并考虑到最近的全国性调查，更新了 HU 的主题。
