薄荷烟吸烟流行情况、认知和相关因素：肯尼亚和赞比亚 ITC 调查结果。
Prevalence, perceptions and factors associated with menthol cigarette smoking: findings from the ITC Kenya and Zambia Surveys.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2023 Nov;32(6):709-714. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057100. Epub 2022 Apr 22.
BACKGROUND
Menthol masks the harshness of cigarette smoke, promotes youth smoking and encourages health-concerned smokers who incorrectly believe that menthols are less harmful to smoke menthols. This study of smokers in Kenya and Zambia is the first study in Africa to examine menthol use, smokers' beliefs about its harmfulness and the factors associated with menthols.
METHODS
Data were from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Kenya Wave 2 (2018) and Zambia Wave 2 Survey (2014), involving nationally representative samples of smokers. This study focuses on 1246 adult smokers (644 in Kenya, 602 in Zambia) who reported smoking a usual brand of cigarettes (menthol or non-menthol).
RESULTS
Overall, menthol use was significantly higher among smokers in Zambia than in Kenya (48.0% vs 19.0%), females (45.6% vs 31.2% males), non-daily smokers (43.8% vs 30.0% daily) and those who exclusively smoked factory-made (FM) cigarettes (43.0% vs 15.2%). The erroneous belief that menthols are less harmful was more likely among smokers in Zambia than in Kenya (53.4% vs 29.3%) and among female smokers (38.5% vs 28.2%). In Kenya, menthol smoking was associated with being female (adjusted odds ratios (AOR)=3.07; p=0.03), worrying about future health (AOR=2.28; p=0.02) and disagreeing with the statement that smoking was calming (AOR=2.05; p=0.04). In Zambia, menthol use was associated with being female (AOR=3.91; p=0.002), completing primary school (AOR=2.14; p=0.03), being a non-daily smoker (AOR=2.29; p=0.03), exclusively using FM cigarettes (AOR=14.7; p<0.001), having a past quit attempt (AOR=1.54; p=0.02), believing that menthols are less harmful (AOR=3.80; p<0.001) and choosing menthols because they believed it was less harmful (AOR=3.52; p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Menthols are highly prevalent among females in both countries. There is a need in African countries to combat the myth that menthols are less harmful and to ban menthol and other flavourings.
背景
薄荷醇掩盖了香烟的刺鼻味道，促进了青少年吸烟，并使那些错误地认为薄荷醇危害较小的关注健康的吸烟者吸食薄荷醇香烟。这项在肯尼亚和赞比亚进行的吸烟者研究是非洲第一项研究薄荷醇使用情况、吸烟者对其危害性的看法以及与薄荷醇相关的因素的研究。
方法
数据来自国际烟草控制（ITC）肯尼亚第 2 波（2018 年）和赞比亚第 2 波调查（2014 年），涉及具有全国代表性的吸烟者样本。本研究重点关注了 1246 名成年吸烟者（肯尼亚 644 名，赞比亚 602 名），他们报告说吸一种惯用品牌的香烟（薄荷醇或非薄荷醇）。
结果
总体而言，在赞比亚，薄荷醇的使用率明显高于肯尼亚（48.0%对 19.0%）、女性（45.6%对 31.2%男性）、非每日吸烟者（43.8%对 30.0%每日吸烟者）和那些只吸工厂制造（FM）香烟的人（43.0%对 15.2%）。在赞比亚，错误地认为薄荷醇危害较小的吸烟者比例高于肯尼亚（53.4%对 29.3%）和女性吸烟者（38.5%对 28.2%）。在肯尼亚，薄荷醇吸烟与女性（调整后的优势比（AOR）=3.07；p=0.03）、担心未来健康（AOR=2.28；p=0.02）和不同意吸烟镇静的说法（AOR=2.05；p=0.04）有关。在赞比亚，薄荷醇的使用与女性（AOR=3.91；p=0.002）、完成小学学业（AOR=2.14；p=0.03）、非每日吸烟者（AOR=2.29；p=0.03）、只使用 FM 香烟（AOR=14.7；p<0.001）、过去有戒烟尝试（AOR=1.54；p=0.02）、认为薄荷醇危害较小（AOR=3.80；p<0.001）以及选择薄荷醇是因为他们认为它危害较小（AOR=3.52；p<0.001）有关。
结论
薄荷醇在这两个国家的女性中都很普遍。非洲国家需要打击薄荷醇危害较小的神话，并禁止薄荷醇和其他调味剂。
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