College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Organic Recycling Research Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, 215100, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(4):8956-8966. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20388-7. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (> 80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.
微生物群落对堆肥的高效性和高质量至关重要。本研究旨在比较不同原料（鸡粪、鸭粪、羊粪、厨余垃圾和蔬菜垃圾）在堆肥过程中理化性质和细菌特征的变化。通过高通量测序与共生网络和结构方程模型（SEM）相结合的先进生物信息学方法，分析核心细菌的作用和相互作用及其对不同堆肥成熟度的贡献。结果表明，不同来源的堆肥中细菌组成和多样性存在明显差异。与其他堆肥相比，厨余垃圾具有较低的 pH 值和不同的理化特性，但它们都达到了相似的成熟度。冗余分析表明，总有机碳、磷和温度是控制微生物种类组成的关键因素，但不同堆肥中的关键因素不同。网络分析表明，不同堆肥核心细菌群落的相互作用完全不同，但Thermobifida 是堆肥细菌网络中普遍存在的核心细菌。在来自粪便（CM、DM、SM）和城市固体废物（FW、VW）的中温到高温堆肥的起始阶段，Sphaerobacter 和 Lactobacillus 分别作为核心属出现。SEM 表明核心细菌对堆肥成熟度具有积极、直接和最大（>80%）的影响。因此，本研究为识别和增强核心细菌以提高面对越来越多有机废物的大规模堆肥效率提供了理论依据。
