Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
J Food Biochem. 2022 Aug;46(8):e14201. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14201. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
The purposes of this study were to assess the effect of Brazil nut supplementation on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CAD were randomly assigned to two groups, Brazil nut group (23 patients, 48% male, 62.7 ± 6.8 years, 29.4 ± 5.8 kg/m ), which received one Brazil nut per day for 3 months, and the control group (14 patients, 43% male, 63.7 ± 8.7 years, 28.4 ± 4.2 kg/m ) who did not receive any supplementation. After 3 months, TMAO levels and their precursors did not change in either group. Although not significant, GPx activity increased by 41% in the Brazil nut group. TMAO levels were negatively associated with total fiber intake (r = -0.385 and p = .02). A 3-month Brazil nut supplementation did not change TMAO levels and GPx activity in CAD patients. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease risk. Thus, the increase in antioxidants enzymes production could be a promising strategy to reduce TMAO-mediated oxidative stress. In this context, nutritional strategies are well-known as activators of cellular antioxidant responses. As Brazil nuts have a known role in reducing oxidative stress by increasing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (a selenium-dependent antioxidant enzyme), this study hypothesized that Brazil nuts could be a strategy that, via antioxidant capacity, would reduce TMAO plasma levels. Although no changes in TMAO levels and GPx activity can be observed in this study, it is believed that other results can be obtained depending on the dosage used. Thus, this study can open new paths and direct other studies with different doses and treatment times to evaluate the effects of Brazil Nuts on TMAO levels.
本研究的目的是评估巴西坚果补充剂对冠心病（CAD）患者三甲胺 N-氧化物（TMAO）水平和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性的影响。将 CAD 患者随机分为两组，巴西坚果组（23 例，48%为男性，62.7±6.8 岁，29.4±5.8 kg/m ），每天服用 1 个巴西坚果，持续 3 个月，对照组（14 例，43%为男性，63.7±8.7 岁，28.4±4.2 kg/m ）不接受任何补充。3 个月后，两组的 TMAO 水平及其前体均未发生变化。虽然不显著，但巴西坚果组的 GPx 活性增加了 41%。TMAO 水平与总纤维摄入量呈负相关（r=-0.385，p=0.02）。3 个月的巴西坚果补充剂并未改变 CAD 患者的 TMAO 水平和 GPx 活性。实际应用：三甲胺 N-氧化物（TMAO）与氧化应激和心血管疾病风险有关。因此，增加抗氧化酶的产生可能是减少 TMAO 介导的氧化应激的一种有前途的策略。在这种情况下，营养策略是众所周知的细胞抗氧化反应的激活剂。由于巴西坚果通过增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性（一种硒依赖性抗氧化酶）具有降低氧化应激的已知作用，因此本研究假设巴西坚果可以通过抗氧化能力来降低 TMAO 血浆水平。尽管本研究未观察到 TMAO 水平和 GPx 活性的变化，但相信根据所用剂量可以获得其他结果。因此，本研究可以开辟新的途径，并指导其他使用不同剂量和治疗时间的研究来评估巴西坚果对 TMAO 水平的影响。
