Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2023 Feb 9;25(3):444-452. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac111.
To examine associations of prenatal e-cigarette use to pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Currently pregnant women (n = 1 037) from Waves 1 through 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study who had pregnancy or live birth outcome data in a subsequent wave (Waves 2-5; 2013 to 2019). Weighted bivariate and multivariable models\ examined associations between past 30-day tobacco use assessed during pregnancy (any past 30-day e-cigarette use, any past 30-day non-e-cigarette tobacco use, or no past 30-day tobacco use) with adverse pregnancy (miscarriage, abortion, ectopic or tubal pregnancy, stillbirth) and birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defect, placenta previa, placental abruption, pre-eclampsia) reported in the subsequent wave.
Approximately 1% of pregnant women reported past 30-day exclusive e-cigarette use and 3.2% used e-cigarettes and one other tobacco product. Compared to no tobacco use, past 30-day e-cigarette use (exclusive or use with another tobacco product) during pregnancy was not associated with increased odds of an adverse pregnancy or birth outcome in bivariate or multivariable models. Past 30-day non-e-cigarette tobacco use was associated with increased odds of an adverse pregnancy outcome in multivariable models, but not an adverse live birth outcome. Compared to past 30-day cigarette use, past 30-day e-cigarette use during pregnancy was not associated with lowered odds of a birth or pregnancy outcome.
E-cigarette use during pregnancy is rare. Understanding the positive and negative impacts of pre-natal e-cigarette use on women's health may guide public health messaging campaigns.
Results showed that past 30-day e-cigarette use during pregnancy was low, with cigarette smoking remaining the most prevalent form of tobacco use during pregnancy. Current e-cigarette use during pregnancy used either exclusively or with another tobacco product, was not associated with increased risk of an adverse pregnancy, or birth outcome. A small sample size of e-cigarette users and limited information on quantity and frequency of e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy may limit conclusions. Healthcare providers may use this information when discussing the harms and consequences associated with e-cigarette and tobacco use during pregnancy.
研究孕期使用电子烟与妊娠和分娩结局的关联。
本研究纳入了参加“人口烟草与健康评估研究”（Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study，PATH）的当前孕妇（n=1037 名），这些孕妇在后续的研究波次（2013 年至 2019 年）中报告了妊娠结局或活产结局。在孕期（任何过去 30 天的电子烟使用、任何过去 30 天的非电子烟烟草使用或过去 30 天内无烟草使用）评估了过去 30 天的烟草使用情况，使用加权双变量和多变量模型，分析了这些情况与后续波次报告的不良妊娠结局（流产、堕胎、异位妊娠或输卵管妊娠、死产）和分娩结局（早产、低出生体重、出生缺陷、前置胎盘、胎盘早剥、子痫前期）之间的关联。
约 1%的孕妇报告了过去 30 天内仅使用电子烟，3.2%的孕妇同时使用电子烟和一种其他烟草制品。与不使用烟草相比，孕期内过去 30 天内使用电子烟（单独使用或与其他烟草制品同时使用）在双变量或多变量模型中与不良妊娠或分娩结局的发生风险增加无关。过去 30 天内使用非电子烟烟草与多变量模型中不良妊娠结局的发生风险增加有关，但与不良活产结局无关。与过去 30 天内使用香烟相比，孕期内过去 30 天内使用电子烟与较低的分娩或妊娠结局发生风险无关。
孕期内使用电子烟的情况较为罕见。了解孕期内使用电子烟对女性健康的积极和消极影响可能有助于指导公共卫生宣传活动。
研究结果表明，孕期内过去 30 天内使用电子烟的比例较低，香烟仍是孕期内最普遍的烟草使用形式。目前，孕期内使用电子烟，无论是单独使用还是与其他烟草制品同时使用，均与增加不良妊娠或分娩结局的风险无关。电子烟使用者的样本量较小，以及在怀孕前和怀孕期间电子烟使用量和使用频率的信息有限，可能限制了结论的推断。医疗保健提供者在讨论电子烟和烟草使用与妊娠相关的危害和后果时，可以使用这些信息。
