Zeng Biyun, Huang Junhui
Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Front Genet. 2022 Apr 5;13:854285. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854285. eCollection 2022.
For decades, the desire for tissue regeneration has never been quenched. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), with the potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, have attracted much attention in this topic. Growing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can activate various regulatory processes. Even with a slight decrease or increase in expression, ncRNAs can weaken or even subvert cellular fate. Therefore, a systematic interpretation of ncRNAs that guide the differentiation of DMSCs into cells of other tissue types is urgently needed. In this review, we introduce the roles of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as osteogenic differentiation, odontogenic differentiation, neurogenic differentiation, angiogenic differentiation and myogenic differentiation. Additionally, we illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, mRNA modulation, miRNA sponges and signalling. Finally, we summarize the types and mechanisms of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as let-7 family, miR-17∼92 family, miR-21, lncRNA H19, lncRNA ANCR, lncRNA MEG3, circRNA CDR1as and CircRNA SIPA1L1. If revealing the intricate relationship between ncRNAs and pluripotency of DMSCs 1 day, the application of DMSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering will be improved. Our work could be an important stepping stone towards this future.
几十年来，组织再生的愿望从未熄灭。牙源性间充质干细胞（DMSCs）具有自我更新和多向分化的潜力，在这一领域备受关注。越来越多的证据表明，非编码RNA（ncRNAs）可以激活各种调控过程。即使表达量略有下降或增加，ncRNAs也能削弱甚至颠覆细胞命运。因此，迫切需要对指导DMSCs分化为其他组织类型细胞的ncRNAs进行系统解读。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了ncRNAs在DMSCs分化中的作用，如成骨分化、牙源性分化、神经源性分化、血管生成分化和肌源性分化。此外，我们阐述了ncRNAs在DMSCs分化中的调控机制，如表观遗传调控、转录调控、mRNA调节、miRNA海绵和信号传导。最后，我们总结了ncRNAs在DMSCs分化中的类型和机制，如let-7家族、miR-17∼92家族、miR-21、lncRNA H19、lncRNA ANCR、lncRNA MEG3、circRNA CDR1as和CircRNA SIPA1L1。如果有一天能够揭示ncRNAs与DMSCs多能性之间的复杂关系，DMSCs在再生医学和组织工程中的应用将会得到改善。我们的工作可能是迈向这一未来的重要基石。
