Du Sen, Zhu Rongwen, Cai Yujie, Xu Ning, Yap Pow-Seng, Zhang Yunhai, He Yide, Zhang Yongjun
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China
Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou 215123 China.
RSC Adv. 2021 Apr 27;11(26):15762-15784. doi: 10.1039/d1ra00880c. eCollection 2021 Apr 26.
Wide usage of plastic products leads to the global occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment. Due to the small size, they can be bio-ingested, which may cause certain health effects. The present review starts with summarizing the main sources of various types of MPs and their occurrences in the aquatic environment, as well as their transportation and degradation pathways. The analysis of migration of MPs in water environments shows that the ultimate fate of most MPs in water environments is cracked into small fragments and sinking into the bottom of the ocean. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for detection and analysis of MPs are summarized. In addition, based on recent researches, the present review discusses MPs as carriers of organic pollutants and microorganisms, and explores the specific effects of MPs on aquatic organisms in the case of single and combined pollutants. Finally, by analysing the causes and influencing factors of their trophic transfer, the impact of MPs on high-level trophic organisms is explored.
塑料制品的广泛使用导致微塑料（MPs）在全球水生环境中出现。由于其尺寸小，它们可能会被生物摄取，这可能会导致一定的健康影响。本综述首先总结了各种类型微塑料的主要来源、它们在水生环境中的出现情况以及它们的运输和降解途径。对微塑料在水环境中迁移的分析表明，大多数微塑料在水环境中的最终归宿是破碎成小碎片并沉入海底。总结了现有微塑料检测和分析方法的优缺点。此外，基于最近的研究，本综述讨论了微塑料作为有机污染物和微生物载体的情况，并探讨了单一污染物和混合污染物情况下微塑料对水生生物的具体影响。最后，通过分析其营养转移的原因和影响因素，探讨了微塑料对高级营养级生物的影响。
