Department of Educational Science, University of Siegen, Faculty II, (Chair for) Educational Science with Focus on Special Education, Siegen, Germany.
Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute and Outpatients Clinic of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2023 Jul;24(3):1743-1762. doi: 10.1177/15248380221078892. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Interpersonal violence against children and adolescents can affect their mental health and functioning in the long term. To reduce mental health problems in children and adolescents, school-based mental health interventions have been shown to be beneficial. A review of school-based interventions designed to mitigate posttraumatic symptoms after interpersonal violence is lacking to date.
We searched for original studies published in English or German until November 2019 in 6 electronic databases. Supplementary search strategies to reduce publication bias were implemented. Peer-reviewed original studies assessing school-based interventions for children and adolescents under the age of 21 after interpersonal violence were included. Relevant data was extracted, synthesised and assessed qualitatively. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed.
Of 5,021 unduplicated publications, 15 studies met eligibility criteria. The included studies were almost exclusively conducted in the USA; over half utilised a randomised-controlled design. Studies mainly focussed on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or depression. In all studies, implemented interventions partially or fully mitigated posttraumatic symptoms. Nine school-based interventions, five of which were based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), were identified. School staff were often involved in intervention implementation besides mental health professionals.
School-based interventions can be beneficial to reduce mental health problems in children and adolescents after interpersonal violence. Trained school staff aided by mental health professionals can implement trauma-informed practices at school. While school-based interventions may be a feasible way to provide children and adolescents with accessible mental health care, further research on school-based trauma interventions outside the USA is necessary.
人际暴力会对儿童和青少年的心理健康和长期功能产生影响。为了减少儿童和青少年的心理健康问题，已经证明基于学校的心理健康干预是有益的。目前缺乏针对人际暴力后创伤后症状的基于学校的干预措施的综述。
我们在 6 个电子数据库中搜索了截至 2019 年 11 月发表的英文或德文的原始研究。实施了补充的搜索策略以减少发表偏倚。纳入了评估人际暴力后 21 岁以下儿童和青少年的基于学校的干预措施的同行评审原始研究。提取、综合和定性评估了相关数据。评估了纳入研究的方法学质量。
在 5021 篇不重复的出版物中，有 15 项研究符合入选标准。纳入的研究几乎全部在美国进行；超过一半的研究采用了随机对照设计。研究主要集中在创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）或抑郁症上。在所有研究中，实施的干预措施部分或完全减轻了创伤后症状。确定了九种基于学校的干预措施，其中五种基于认知行为疗法（CBT）。除了心理健康专业人员外，学校工作人员通常也参与干预措施的实施。
基于学校的干预措施可以有益于减少人际暴力后儿童和青少年的心理健康问题。经过培训的学校工作人员在心理健康专业人员的帮助下，可以在学校实施创伤知情实践。虽然基于学校的干预措施可能是为儿童和青少年提供可及的心理健康护理的可行途径，但仍有必要在美国以外的地区开展基于学校的创伤干预措施的进一步研究。
