Chhatar Sushanta, Lal Girdhari
National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India.
Curr Res Immunol. 2021 Nov 25;2:202-217. doi: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.11.001. eCollection 2021.
Neuroimmune communication plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and promptly responding to any foreign insults. Sympathetic nerve fibres are innervated into all the lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes) and provide a communication link between the central nervous system (CNS) and ongoing immune response in the tissue microenvironment. Neurotransmitters such as catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) bind to adrenergic receptors present on most immune and non-immune cells, establish a local neuroimmune-communication system, and help regulate the ongoing immune response. The activation of these receptors varies with the type of receptor-activated, target cell, the activation status of the cells, and timing of activation. Activating adrenergic receptors, specifically β-adrenergic signalling in immune cells leads to activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway or other non-canonical pathways. It predominantly leads to immune suppression such as inhibition of IL-2 secretion and a decrease in macrophages phagocytosis. This review discusses the expression of different adrenergic receptors in various immune cells, signalling, and how it modulates immune cell function and contributes to health and diseases. Understanding the neuroimmune communication through adrenergic receptor signalling in immune cells could help to design better strategies to control inflammation and autoimmunity.
神经免疫通讯在维持体内平衡以及迅速应对任何外来侵害方面发挥着关键作用。交感神经纤维支配着所有淋巴器官（骨髓、胸腺、脾脏和淋巴结），并在中枢神经系统（CNS）与组织微环境中正在进行的免疫反应之间提供了一个通讯链接。儿茶酚胺（肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素）等神经递质与大多数免疫细胞和非免疫细胞上存在的肾上腺素能受体结合，建立局部神经免疫通讯系统，并有助于调节正在进行的免疫反应。这些受体的激活因受体激活类型、靶细胞、细胞的激活状态以及激活时间而异。激活肾上腺素能受体，特别是免疫细胞中的β-肾上腺素能信号传导，会导致cAMP-PKA途径或其他非经典途径的激活。它主要导致免疫抑制，如抑制白细胞介素-2分泌和巨噬细胞吞噬作用的降低。本综述讨论了不同肾上腺素能受体在各种免疫细胞中的表达、信号传导，以及它如何调节免疫细胞功能并对健康和疾病产生影响。了解通过免疫细胞中肾上腺素能受体信号传导的神经免疫通讯，有助于设计更好的控制炎症和自身免疫的策略。
