VirIntel, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.
Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.
Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 13;13:797918. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.797918. eCollection 2022.
Vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which have been in urgent need and development since the beginning of 2020, are aimed to induce a prominent immune system response capable of recognizing and fighting future infection. Here we analyzed the levels of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein after the administration of three types of popular vaccines, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or Sputnik V, using the same ELISA assay to compare their effects. An efficient immune response was observed in the majority of cases. The obtained ranges of signal values were wide, presumably reflecting specific features of the immune system of individuals. At the same time, these ranges were comparable among the three studied vaccines. The anti-RBD IgG levels after vaccination were also similar to those in the patients with moderate/severe course of the COVID-19, and significantly higher than in the individuals with asymptomatic or light symptomatic courses of the disease. No significant correlation was observed between the levels of anti-RBD IgG and sex or age of the vaccinated individuals. The signals measured at different time points for several individuals after full Sputnik V vaccination did not have a significant tendency to lower within many weeks. The rate of neutralization of the interaction of the RBD with the ACE2 receptor after vaccination with Sputnik V was on average slightly higher than in patients with a moderate/severe course of COVID-19. The importance of the second dose administration of the two-dose Sputnik V vaccine was confirmed: while several individuals had not developed detectable levels of the anti-RBD IgG antibodies after the first dose of Sputnik V, after the second dose the antibody signal became positive for all tested individuals and raised on average 5.4 fold. Finally, we showed that people previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed high levels of antibodies, efficiently neutralizing interaction of RBD with ACE2 after the first dose of Sputnik V, with almost no change after the second dose.
自 2020 年初以来，人们急需开发针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 的疫苗，以诱导能够识别和抵御未来感染的显著免疫系统反应。在这里，我们使用相同的 ELISA 分析了接种 BNT162b2、mRNA-1273 或 Sputnik V 三种流行疫苗后针对病毒刺突蛋白受体结合域（RBD）的 IgG 抗体水平，以比较它们的效果。在大多数情况下，观察到有效的免疫反应。获得的信号值范围很广，可能反映了个体免疫系统的特定特征。同时，这三个研究疫苗的范围相当。接种疫苗后的抗 RBD IgG 水平也与中度/重度 COVID-19 患者相似，明显高于无症状或轻症患者。接种个体的抗 RBD IgG 水平与性别或年龄之间未观察到显著相关性。在对多名个体进行完整的 Sputnik V 接种后，不同时间点测量的信号没有在数周内明显下降的趋势。接种 Sputnik V 后，RBD 与 ACE2 受体相互作用的中和率平均略高于中度/重度 COVID-19 患者。确认了两剂 Sputnik V 疫苗接种第二剂的重要性：虽然一些个体在接种第一剂 Sputnik V 后未检测到抗 RBD IgG 抗体，但在接种第二剂后，所有测试个体的抗体信号均呈阳性，并平均提高了 5.4 倍。最后，我们表明，先前感染过 SARS-CoV-2 的人产生了高水平的抗体，在接种第一剂 Sputnik V 后，能够有效地中和 RBD 与 ACE2 的相互作用，在接种第二剂后几乎没有变化。
