Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Apr 13;12:864944. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.864944. eCollection 2022.
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with an increasing incidence worldwide. The etiology of CD is still obscure, but microbial dysbiosis has been recognized as an essential factor contributing to CD. However, few studies have revealed the microbiome's signatures and reciprocal correlations between multiple sites in patients with CD over different disease stages. This study investigated the specific microbial architectures of the oral cavity, sputum, and ileum in patients with CD in the active and remission stages.
Microbial samples from the oral cavity, sputum, and ileum were collected from patients with CD in the active and remission stages and healthy controls. The microbial composition was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. In addition, bioinformatics methods were used to demonstrate the microbial signatures, functional changes, and correlations between microbiota and clinical data in CD.
Compared with healthy controls, a distinct microbiota dysbiosis in the oral cavity, sputum, and ileum of patients with CD was identified, characterized by alterations in microbiota biodiversity and composition. The oral cavity and sputum microbiota showed significantly lower microbial diversity in patients with CD than in healthy controls. In terms of microbiota composition, the microbiota changes in the oral cavity of patients with CD were similar to those in the sputum, while they were different from those in the ileum. In the oral cavity and sputum of patients with CD, a lower relative abundance of and was observed compared to healthy controls, which was most prominent in the active stage. In contrast, an increased relative abundance of , , and was observed in patients with CD. The predicted metabolic pathways involved in the oral cavity, sputum, and ileum were similar, predominantly involving metabolism, environmental information processing, and genetic information processing.
The results revealed the alterations of microbiota architecture in the oral cavity, sputum, and ileum of patients with CD, which varied across disease stages. Studying microbiota dysbiosis may bring new insights into the etiology of CD and lead to novel treatments.
克罗恩病（CD）是一种慢性非特异性炎症性肠病（IBD），全球发病率呈上升趋势。CD 的病因仍不清楚，但微生物失调已被认为是导致 CD 的一个重要因素。然而，很少有研究揭示 CD 患者在不同疾病阶段多个部位的微生物组特征和相互关联。本研究调查了活动期和缓解期 CD 患者口腔、痰和回肠的特定微生物结构。
收集活动期和缓解期 CD 患者和健康对照者的口腔、痰和回肠微生物样本，通过 16S 核糖体 RNA（rRNA）基因测序评估微生物组成。此外，还使用生物信息学方法展示 CD 患者微生物组特征、功能变化以及微生物组与临床数据之间的相关性。
与健康对照组相比，CD 患者口腔、痰和回肠的微生物群明显失调，表现为微生物多样性和组成的改变。CD 患者口腔和痰中的微生物多样性明显低于健康对照组。就微生物组成而言，CD 患者口腔的微生物变化与痰相似，而与回肠不同。在 CD 患者的口腔和痰中，观察到相对丰度较低的 和 ，在活动期最为明显。相比之下，观察到相对丰度较高的 、 、 。口腔、痰和回肠中涉及的预测代谢途径相似，主要涉及代谢、环境信息处理和遗传信息处理。
结果揭示了 CD 患者口腔、痰和回肠的微生物群结构改变，且在疾病阶段有所不同。研究微生物群失调可能为 CD 的病因提供新的见解，并为新的治疗方法提供思路。
