Wu Lan, Han Jie, Nie Jia-Yan, Deng Tong, Li Cheng, Fang Cheng, Xie Wen-Zhong, Wang Shuang-Ying, Zeng Xian-Tao
Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 14;13:865191. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865191. eCollection 2022.
Periodontitis affects the progression of many diseases, while its detailed mechanism remains unclear. This study hopes to provide new ideas for exploring its mechanism by analyzing the gut microbiota and fecal metabolic characteristics of experimental periodontitis rats.
A total of 10 rats were randomly divided into ligature-induced experimental periodontitis (EP) group and healthy control group. After 4 weeks of the experiment, the feces of all rats were collected for sequencing through 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing technology and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the β-diversity of gut microbiota was significantly different between the EP and control group, and the levels of dominant genera were different. Compared with the control group, , , and were significantly enriched in EP, and , , were significantly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that exhibited the highest correlation within the genus. Of 3,488 qualitative metabolites, 164 metabolites were upregulated and 362 metabolites were downregulated in EP. Enrichment analysis showed that periodontitis significantly changed 45 positive/negative ion metabolic pathways. Five KEGG pathways, protein digestion and absorption, tyrosine metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, are enriched in both the microbiome and metabolome. Correlation analysis showed that the genera with significant differences in periodontitis were usually significantly correlated with more metabolites, such as , , , , and . The genera with the same changing trend tended to have a similar correlation with some certain metabolites. In addition, vitamin D2 and protoporphyrin IX have the most significant correlations with microorganisms.
Our study reveals that periodontitis alters gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. The correlation analysis of microbiota and metabolome provides a deeper understanding of periodontitis, and also provides a direction for the study of periodontitis affecting other diseases.
牙周炎影响多种疾病的进展，但其详细机制尚不清楚。本研究希望通过分析实验性牙周炎大鼠的肠道微生物群和粪便代谢特征，为探索其机制提供新思路。
将10只大鼠随机分为结扎诱导的实验性牙周炎（EP）组和健康对照组。实验4周后，收集所有大鼠的粪便，通过16S核糖体DNA（rDNA）测序技术和液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）进行测序。
16S rDNA测序结果显示，EP组和对照组肠道微生物群的β-多样性存在显著差异，优势菌属水平不同。与对照组相比，EP组中 、 、 显著富集，而 、 、 显著减少。相关性分析表明，该属内 表现出最高的相关性。在3488种定性代谢物中，EP组有164种代谢物上调，362种代谢物下调。富集分析表明，牙周炎显著改变了45条正/负离子代谢途径。微生物组和代谢组均富集了五条KEGG途径，即蛋白质消化与吸收、酪氨酸代谢、糖酵解/糖异生、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢以及氧化磷酸化。相关性分析表明，牙周炎中具有显著差异的菌属通常与更多代谢物显著相关，如 、 、 、 、 和 。变化趋势相同的菌属往往与某些特定代谢物具有相似的相关性。此外，维生素D2和原卟啉IX与微生物的相关性最为显著。
我们的研究表明，牙周炎会改变肠道微生物群和粪便代谢物。微生物群和代谢组的相关性分析为深入了解牙周炎提供了依据，也为研究牙周炎影响其他疾病提供了方向。
