Chen Yu-Zhong, Gu Jia, Chuang Wei-Ting, Du Ya-Fang, Zhang Lin, Lu Meng-Lan, Xu Jia-Ying, Li Hao-Qiu, Liu Yan, Feng Hao-Tian, Li Yun-Hong, Qin Li-Qiang
State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 15;9:854725. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.854725. eCollection 2022.
Given that the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase, it is important to find an effective method to prevent or treat this disease. Previous studies have shown that dietary intervention with a slowly digestible carbohydrate (SDC) diet can improve T2DM with almost no side effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of SDC protect against T2DM remains to be elucidated.
The T2DM mice model was established with a high-fat diet and streptozocin injection. Then, SDC was administered for 6 weeks. Bodyweight, food intake, organ indices, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and other biochemical parameters were measured. Histopathological and lipid accumulation analyses were performed, and the glucose metabolism-related gene expressions in the liver and skeletal muscle were determined. Lastly, colonic microbiota was also analyzed.
SDC intervention alleviated the weight loss in the pancreas, lowered blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and improved glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR. SDC intervention improved serum lipid profile, adipocytokines levels, and lowered the lipid accumulation in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and epididymal visceral adipose tissue. In addition, SDC intervention increased the expression levels of IRS-2 and GLUT-2 in liver tissues and elevated GLUT-4 expression levels in skeletal muscle tissues. Notably, SDC intervention decreased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, increased and genus levels, and inhibited the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria.
SDC intervention can improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia status in diabetic mice, suggesting that this intervention might be beneficial for T2DM.
鉴于2型糖尿病（T2DM）的患病率持续上升，找到一种有效的预防或治疗该疾病的方法很重要。先前的研究表明，采用缓慢消化碳水化合物（SDC）饮食进行饮食干预可改善T2DM，且几乎无副作用。然而，SDC预防T2DM的潜在机制仍有待阐明。
通过高脂饮食和注射链脲佐菌素建立T2DM小鼠模型。然后，给予SDC干预6周。测量体重、食物摄入量、器官指数、空腹血糖（FBG）、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）及其他生化参数。进行组织病理学和脂质蓄积分析，并测定肝脏和骨骼肌中与糖代谢相关的基因表达。最后，还分析了结肠微生物群。
SDC干预减轻了胰腺重量减轻，降低了血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平，改善了葡萄糖耐量和HOMA-IR。SDC干预改善了血清脂质谱、脂肪细胞因子水平，并降低了肝脏、皮下脂肪组织和附睾内脏脂肪组织中的脂质蓄积。此外，SDC干预增加了肝脏组织中IRS-2和GLUT-2的表达水平，并提高了骨骼肌组织中GLUT-4的表达水平。值得注意的是，SDC干预降低了拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门的比例，增加了[具体菌属1]和[具体菌属2]菌属水平，并抑制了潜在病原菌的相对丰度。
SDC干预可改善糖尿病小鼠的高血糖和高血脂状态，表明这种干预可能对T2DM有益。
