Fungwithaya Punpichaya, Boonchuay Kanpapat, Narinthorn Ruethai, Sontigun Narin, Sansamur Chalutwan, Petcharat Yotsapat, Thomrongsuwannakij Thotsapol, Wongtawan Tuempong
Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Vet World. 2022 Mar;15(3):765-774. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.765-774. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Staphylococci are commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens found on the skin and mucosa. Sports animals are more prone to injury and illness, and we believe that antimicrobial agents might be extensively used for the treatment and cause the existence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and AMR profile of staphylococci in sports animals (riding horses, fighting bulls, and fighting cocks) in South Thailand.
Nasal (57 fighting bulls and 33 riding horses) and skin swabs (32 fighting cocks) were taken from 122 animals. Staphylococci were cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar and then identified species by biochemical tests using the VITEK 2 card for Gram-positive organisms in conjunction with the VITEK 2 COMPACT machine and genotypic identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with VITEK 2 AST-GN80 test kit cards and VITEK 2 COMPACT machine. Detection of AMR genes , , and and staphylococcal chromosomal (SCC) type was evaluated by PCR.
Forty-one colonies of staphylococci were isolated, and six species were identified, including (61%), (15%), (10%), (7%), (5%), and (2%). Staphylococci were highly resistant to two drug classes, penicillin (93%) and cephalosporin (51%). About 56% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), and the majority was (82%), which is primarily found in horses. Most MRS (82%) were multidrug-resistant. Almost all (96%) of the -positive MRS harbored the gene. Almost all MRS isolates possessed an unknown type of SCC. Interestingly, the AMR rate was notably lower in fighting bulls and cocks than in riding horses, which may be related to the owner's preference for herbal therapy over antimicrobial drugs.
This study presented many types of staphylococci displayed on bulls, cocks, and horses. However, we found a high prevalence of MRS in horses that could be transmitted to owners through close contact activities and might be a source of AMR genotype transmission to other staphylococci.
葡萄球菌是存在于皮肤和黏膜上的共生菌和机会致病菌。运动用动物更容易受伤和患病，我们认为抗菌剂可能被广泛用于治疗，从而导致抗菌耐药（AMR）细菌的存在。本研究旨在调查泰国南部运动用动物（赛马、斗牛和斗鸡）中葡萄球菌的多样性和AMR谱。
从122只动物身上采集鼻拭子（57头斗牛和33匹赛马）和皮肤拭子（32只斗鸡）。将葡萄球菌接种于甘露醇盐琼脂培养基中培养，然后使用VITEK 2革兰氏阳性菌鉴定卡结合VITEK 2 COMPACT仪器通过生化试验鉴定菌种，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行基因分型鉴定。使用VITEK 2 AST-GN80测试试剂盒卡和VITEK 2 COMPACT仪器进行药敏试验。通过PCR评估AMR基因、和以及葡萄球菌染色体盒式元件（SCC）类型的检测情况。
分离出41株葡萄球菌菌落，鉴定出6个菌种，包括（61%）、（15%）、（10%）、（7%）、（5%）和（2%）。葡萄球菌对两类药物高度耐药，即青霉素（93%）和头孢菌素（51%）。约56%的分离株为耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS），其中大多数是（82%），主要存在于马匹中。大多数MRS（82%）对多种药物耐药。几乎所有（96%）阳性MRS都携带基因。几乎所有MRS分离株都具有未知类型的SCC。有趣的是，斗牛和斗鸡的AMR率明显低于赛马，这可能与主人更喜欢草药疗法而非抗菌药物有关。
本研究展示了在公牛、公鸡和马匹上存在多种类型的葡萄球菌。然而，我们发现马匹中MRS的患病率很高，可能通过密切接触活动传播给主人，并且可能是AMR基因型传播给其他葡萄球菌的一个来源。
