Wei Kangkang, Huang Hongbo, Liu Min, Shi Dazhuo, Ma Xiaojuan
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, China.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Apr 15;9:886132. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.886132. eCollection 2022.
Platelet-derived exosomes (PLT-Exos) are the main subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted by platelets, which carry proteins, nucleotides, lipids, and other substances to acceptor cells, playing an important role in intercellular communication. PLT-Exos increase with platelet activation and are involved in the process of atherothrombosis by delivering cargo to acceptor cells. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture, causing thrombosis and arterial occlusion, is the basic pathological change leading to cardiovascular events. PLT-Exos from different donors have different functions. PLT-Exos secreted by healthy volunteer or mice can inhibit platelet activation and inflammation of endothelial cells, thus exerting an antithrombotic effect, while PLT-Exos derived from some patients induce endothelial apoptosis and an inflammatory response to promote atherothrombosis. Furthermore, increased PLT-Exos reflect platelet activation and their cargoes also are derived from platelets; therefore, PLT-Exos can also be used as a biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the characteristics of PLT-Exos and discusses their role in cell-to-cell communication and atherothrombosis.
血小板衍生外泌体（PLT-Exos）是血小板分泌的细胞外囊泡的主要亚型，其携带蛋白质、核苷酸、脂质及其他物质至受体细胞，在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。PLT-Exos随血小板活化而增加，并通过向受体细胞递送物质参与动脉粥样硬化血栓形成过程。动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂，导致血栓形成和动脉闭塞，是引发心血管事件的基本病理变化。来自不同供体的PLT-Exos具有不同功能。健康志愿者或小鼠分泌的PLT-Exos可抑制血小板活化及内皮细胞炎症，从而发挥抗血栓作用，而某些患者来源的PLT-Exos则诱导内皮细胞凋亡及炎症反应以促进动脉粥样硬化血栓形成。此外，PLT-Exos增加反映血小板活化，其携带的物质也源自血小板；因此，PLT-Exos还可用作心血管疾病诊断和预后的生物标志物。本文综述了PLT-Exos的特性，并探讨了它们在细胞间通讯和动脉粥样硬化血栓形成中的作用。
