Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16C, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019 Jul 19;27(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s13049-019-0645-z.
Alpine winter sports have become increasingly popular over recent decades, with a similar increase in accident incidence. This review provides an overview of the most recent literature concerning spinal injury epidemiology, mechanisms, patterns and prevention strategies in the context of alpine winter sports.
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched using the keywords spine injury, alpine injury, spine fracture, skiing injuries, snowboard injuries. 64 published studies in English and German met a priori inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail by the authors.
There are various mechanisms of injury in alpine winter sports (high speed falls in skiing, jumping failure in snowboarding) whilst regionality and injury severity are broadly similar. The thoracolumbar spine is the most common region for spinal injury. Spinal cord injury is relatively rare, usually accompanying distraction and rotation type fractures and is most commonly localised to the cervical spine. Disc injuries seem to occur more commonly in alpine winter sport athletes than in the general population.
Despite awareness of increasing rates and risks of spinal injuries in alpine winter sports, there has been little success in injury prevention.
近几十年来，高山冬季运动越来越受欢迎，事故发生率也相应增加。本篇综述概述了高山冬季运动中与脊柱损伤流行病学、机制、模式和预防策略相关的最新文献。
作者使用“脊柱损伤、高山损伤、脊柱骨折、滑雪损伤、单板滑雪损伤”等关键词，在 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆和 EMBASE 数据库中进行检索，检索出 64 篇符合预先设定纳入标准的英文和德文文献，并由作者详细审查。
高山冬季运动中有多种损伤机制（滑雪时高速摔倒、单板滑雪时跳跃失败），而损伤部位和严重程度则大致相似。胸腰椎是脊柱损伤最常见的部位。脊髓损伤相对少见，通常伴有牵张和旋转型骨折，最常见于颈椎。与一般人群相比，高山冬季运动运动员似乎更容易发生椎间盘损伤。
尽管人们已经意识到高山冬季运动中脊柱损伤的发生率和风险不断增加，但在损伤预防方面收效甚微。
